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. 2017 Aug 10;8:232. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00312-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Whisking drives membrane potential depolarisation in cerebellar granule cells of awake mice. a Top left: videography of a head-restrained mouse with four traced whiskers (from row C, labelled in orange). Top right: schematic of experimental setup. Patch clamp recordings were made from lobule Crus 1 of the cerebellar cortex. Bottom: schematic representation of cerebellar circuit highlighting granule cells in the input layer. GC granule cell, MI molecular layer interneuron, PC Purkinje cell. b Top: whole-cell (WC) patch clamp recording from GC. Red tick indicates truncated action potential. Bottom: cell-attached (CA) recording from putative GC. c Resting GC firing rates in the absence of movement (n = 32 WC, n = 13 CA). A total of 26 out of 32 GCs were silent in WC configuration. d Left: example traces of whisker position (orange; upward deflection indicating protraction) and simultaneously recorded GC membrane potential V _m (black). Right: cumulative probability of V _m distribution during quiet and whisking epochs for this GC (P < 0.001, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). e Mean V _m in periods of quiet and whisking for all GCs that showed statistically significant differences in V _m distribution between two conditions. V _m is significantly depolarised during whisking (***P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, n = 26). f Normalised cross-correlation between whisker position and V _m for a single GC. Purple line at zero depicts whisking onset. Vertical red dashed line highlights the peak in the cross correlogram, indicating temporal relationship between behaviour and GC V _m. Horizontal grey lines: 95% confidence interval. GC exhibited depolarisation preceding the onset of whisking. g Top: scatter plot, indicating temporal relationship and strength of correlation between whisker position and GC V _m. Black-filled circle: Mean ± S.D. Bottom: histogram of temporal relationship between behaviour and GC V _m (n = 26)