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. 2017 Aug 9;7:7662. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08222-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expected recruitment success of C. mandioccana with and without compensation effect of the disperser community. The loss of seed dispersers was simulated in the area where the complete assemblage of seed dispersers is currently present (Carlos Botelho State Park, highlands) and the recruitment success of C. mandioccana estimated in three scenarios of seed predator communities. The simulations give the expected recruitment success in different scenarios of seed disperser (x axis) and seed predator (y axis) communities considering (dark grey circles) or not (light grey circles) compensation effects of the disperser community. The contribution of the disperser community in the compensation scenario is based on the data collected in Cardoso Island (community without muriquis) and in the lowland part of Carlos Botelho State Park (community without muriquis and howler monkeys). (Illustrations of: muriqui and howler monkey - Copyright Stephen D. Nash; peccary, agouti, and rodent – Copyright Fiona A. Reid; jacutinga – Copyright Fabio Martins Labecca, authorized by the authors).