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. 2017 Aug 9;7:7654. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06837-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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High-resolution imaging of buccal epithelial cell. (a) Optical configuration with the corresponding rear focal plane image of the objective. (b) In-focus intensity image. (c) Intensity difference image. (d) Reconstructed phase image. Three areas of interest (boxed regions) are enlarged in (d1–d3). The insets shows line profiles taken at different positions in the cell. (e) Simulated phase-contrast image; (f) Simulated DIC image; (g) Pseudo-color 3D rendering of the cell optical length.