Table 2.
microRNA discovery studies in tissue
| Ref | Tissue | Study Population | Technique | miRNA expression in AF patients |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67 | RAA | CABG, AVR and/or MVR: 4 parAF 4 matched no AF |
mRNA-seq miRNA-microarray qPCR |
Upregulated: 26a-2-3p, 27b-3p, 30b-3p, 30e-3p, 101-3p, 125a-5p, 125b-5p, 145-3p, 199a-3p, 199a-5p, 199b-5p, 222-3p, 223-3p, 1910-3p, 3135b, 3197, 381-5p, 3939, 4280, 4486, 6753-5p, 6820-5p, 7843-5p Downregulated: 1227-5p, 1273 g-3p, 1915-3p, 3196, 3656, 3665, 3960, 4281, 4466, 4497, 4516, 4530, 4690-5p, 4707-5p, 4734, 4787-5p, 4800-3p, 5096, 5787, 6090, 6125, 6775-5p, 6786-5p, 6791-5p, 7110-5p, 7704 |
| 43 | MVR: RAA, LAA CABG: RAA HTx: LAA |
~7 MVR and permAF ~6 MVR no AF 8 CABG no AF 5 HTx no AF |
Microarray qPCR |
Upregulated in RAA: 16, 21†, 21*, 142-3p, 142-5p, 146b-5p†‡, 198, 223, 224, 337-5p, 377, 483-5p, 1202, 1290, 1308 Downregulated in RAA: let-7c, 22*, 24–1*, 29c*,30‡, 30a, 30a*, 30b, 30c†, 30e, 99a, 99b, 125b-2*, 128, 133a†, 133b†, 139-5p, 143*, 145, 149, 181c, 181d, 197, 203, 331-3p, 367, 374b, 378, 378*, 484, 490-3p†‡, 490-5p, 628-5p No miRNAs were up- or downregulated in LAA. |
| 70 | RAA | CABG, AVR and/or MVR: 4 permAF 4 No AF |
Microarray qPCR miR-499 |
Upregulated:1, 7–1*, 24–1*, 145*, 187*, 208b, 301a, 302a, 302b, 375, 454, 499†, 885-3p, 1244 Downregulated:21*, 23a*, 27a*, 138, 193b*, 299-3p, 1270 |
| 55, 45¥ | LAA | 6 MVR and AF 6 MVR no AF |
Microarray qPCR |
Upregulated: 15b-5p, 21-5p, 466†, 574-3p†, 3178, 3196, 3613-3p†, 4492, 4497, 4707-5p Downregulated: 1†, let-7 g-5p, 24-3p, 26a-5p†, 26b-5p, 29a-3p, 151a-5p, 195-5p, 361-5p, 720, 4454, 5100 |
| RAA, LAA | 10 MVR and AF 8 MVR no AF |
Microarray qPCR |
Upregulated LAA: LAA: let-7d-3p, 15b-5p, 21-5p, 30a-5p, 149-3p, 181a-5p, 331-3p, 466, 494, 574-3p, 1307-3p, 1973, 3178, 3196, 3591-3p, 3613-3p, 3940-5p, 4485, 4492, 4497, 4534, 4707-5p Upregulated RAA: 149-3p, 574-5p, 762, 940, 1281, 1915-3p, 1973, 2861, 3141, 3656, 3940-5p, 4281, 4284, 4298, 4443, 4459, 4463, 4466, 4484†, 4485, 4488, 4497, 4505, 4508, 4530, 4534, 4707-5p, 4687-3p Downregulated LAA: let-7f-5p, 1†, 23b-3p†, 23c, 26a-5p†, 26b-5p, 143-3p†, 151a-5p, 151b, 195-5p, 361-5p, 378a-3p, 378d, 720, 2861, 4281, 4442, 4454†, 5100, 5190 Downregulated RAA: let-7a-5p, 16-5p, 21-5p, 22-3p, 25-3p, 26a-5p†, 26b-5p, 29a-3p, 30a-5p, 30b-5p, 30c-5p†, 30d-5p, 99a-5p, 107, 125a-5p, 125b-5p†, 133b†, 143-3p†, 145-5p†, 151a-5p, 151b, 152, 181a-5p, 191-5p, 195-5p, 221-3p, 222-3p, 331-3p, 378a-3p, 378d, 451a, 455-3p, 486-5p, 4286, 4324, 4454†, 5100 |
|
| 53 | RAA | CABG, aortic (valve) repair, MVR, maze, TVR, septal defects 9 persAF 11 no AF |
Microarray qPCR of miR-30 family |
Upregulated: 22, 24, 24–1*, 30a, 30b*†, 30d*†‡, 30e, 125a-3p, 185, 208b, 210, 324-5p, 499-5p‡, 505*, 574-5p, 602, 652, 671-5p, 1181, 1224-5p, 1290, 1305, 1972, 1973, 3125, 3195, 3610, 3648, 3679-5p, 4257, 4291, 4298, 4299, 4306 Downregulated: 10a, 31, 100 |
| 52 | RAA, plasma |
CABG, aortic (valve) repair, MVR, TVR: 16 AF (4 permAF; 12 maze; 10 succesful maze) 13 no AF (CABG/AVR) |
Microarray | Upregulated: let-7a, let-7d, let-7f, 20b, 21†‡, 22, 23b‡, 24, 27a, 27b, 28-5p, 32, 34a, 93, 95, 101, 103, 106b, 125b, 127-3p, 129-3p, 130a, 130b, 134, 140-5p, 142-3p, 146b,148b, 152, 15a, 15b, 181a, 181c, 184, 185, 187, 190, 193a-3p, 196b, 199a-5p, 199b-5p‡, 203, 208b†‡, 210, 215, 216a, 216b, 217, 320, 324-5p, 330-3p, 337-5p, 361-5p, 362-5p, 371-3p, 372, 423-5p, 424, 439, 449a, 450a, 455-5p, 487a, 487b, 494, 495, 499-5p, 500, 504, 505, 508-3p, 509-5p, 511, 517a, 517c, 518b, 518f, 520e, 522, 539, 542-5p, 545, 548d-5p, 579, 597, 618, 652, 660, 671-3p, 758, 874, 886-5p, 887, 888 Downregulated: 31, 200b, 429, 885-5p |
| 107, 99¥ | RAA, LAA | MVR, CABG and/or AVR: 21 AF (11 parAF; 10 permAF) 16 no AF |
Microarray qPCR validation of all selected miRNAs Mitochondrial respiration |
Upregulated: LAA: 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, 23a, 25, 30a, 93, 106a, 106b, 144, 363, 451, 486-5p, 590-5p RAA: 15b, 106b, 144, 451 Downregulated in both LAA and RAA: 208a |
| 102, 101 | LAA | parAF, HTx: Discovery phase: 8 parAF; 5 HTx Validation phase: 30 parAF, 17HTx |
Microarray qPCR |
Upregulated: 19b†, 142-3p, 146b-5p†‡, 155†‡, 193b, 223, 301b, 486-5p, 519b-3p Downregulated: 193a-5p |
| 68 | RAA | 9 MVR and AF 4 MVR no AF 9 HTx |
Microarray qPCR |
Upregulated: 188-5p, 212, 335†, 630,1181, 1202†, 1207-5p, 1225-5p Downregulated: 95, 26b*, 125a-5p, 125b, 125b-2*, 143*, 145, 145*, 149, 181a†, 181a*, 181b, 181c†, 181d, 324-5p, 497, 500, 501-5p, 550, 874 |
* anti-sense miRNA; † validated with qPCR; ‡ most upregulated or downregulated miRNA
¥ There is an overlap of study population between the 2 studies. The first reference focused on the comparison between AF and no AF whereas the second reference focused on a comparison between RAA and LAA.
Both studies by Wang et al. describe the exact same study population and microarray results
Abbreviations: AF atrial fibrillation, AVR aortic valve repair, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, HTx heart transplantation, LAA left atrial appendage, MVR mitral valve repair, parAF paroxysmal AF, permAF permanent/chronic AF, persAF persistent AF, RAA right atrial appendage, seq sequencing, qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction