Table 1.

Multivariate analyses of risk factors for 1-year hip fracture in osteoporotic women aged ≥65 years

Risk factors	Hip fracture
	HR	95% CI	p value
Total hip T-score (vs. referent >−3.0 to −2.5)
≤−3.5	2.3	1.5–3.7	<0.001
>−3.5 to −3.0	1.6	1.0–2.6	0.036
Prior fracture (vs. referent none)a
Non-vertebral fracture	1.6	1.0–2.6	0.032
Walking speed (m/s) (vs. referent >1.0)
≤0.70	3.0	1.5–5.9	0.002
0.70 to 1.0	2.6	1.4–5.0	0.002
MMSE (vs. referent >23)
≤23	1.7	1.2–2.4	0.007
Use of arms for chair stands or poor/very poor tandem stand (vs. referent no.)
Yes	1.7	1.1–2.6	0.010

Interpretation of results (example): women with total hip T-score −3.5 have 2.3 times risk of hip fracture, and women with total hip T-score >−3.5 to −3.0 have 1.6 times the risk of hip fracture, versus women with total hip T-score >−3.0 to −2.5 (referent group)

C statistic (95% CI), 0.71 (0.67–0.76)

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, MMSE mini-mental state examination

^aAfter age 50 years