Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for regression variables, by multimorbidity status in European countries

	No multimorbidity		Multimorbidity		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Extra-residential care	10,357	28.7	2483	20.4	13,020	26.7
Grandparenting	15,174	39.6	3772	30.5	18,946	37.3
Opportunity structures
Primary education	13,490	32.2	6223	45.8	19,713	35.5
Secondary education	20,443	48.8	5577	41.1	26,020	46.9
Tertiary education	7983	19.1	1777	13.1	9760	17.6
1st income quartile	11,216	26.2	4413	32.0	15,629	27.6
2nd income quartile	11,304	26.4	4136	30.0	15,440	27.3
3rd income quartile	10,509	24.6	3121	22.6	13,630	24.1
4th income quartile	9786	22.9	2124	15.4	11,910	21.0
Active on labor market	5247	12.44	505	3.72	5752	10.32
Family structures
Household size: 1–2 pers.	37,528	87.7	12,169	88.2	49,697	87.79
Household size: 3–4 pers.	4789	11.2	1394	10.1	6183	10.92
Household size: 5+ pers.	498	1.2	231	1.7	729	1.29
Has children	38,374	89.6	12,325	89.3	50,699	89.6
Married	30,787	71.9	8512	61.7	39,299	69.4
Care inside the hh	2376	7.23	1082	11.41	3458	8.16
Other forms of social participationa
Volunteering	7774	18.6	1696	12.7	9470	17.1
Education	3295	7.9	581	4.3	3876	7.0
Clubs	11,178	26.7	2558	19.1	13,736	24.9
Religious activities	5139	12.3	1440	10.7	6579	11.9
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age: 60–69	23,320	54.5	4501	32.6	27,821	49.2
Age: 70–79	13,771	32.2	5419	39.3	19,190	33.9
Age: 80+	5705	13.3	3873	28.1	9578	16.9
Female	22,475	52.5	8129	59.4	30,667	54.2
Health status
Poor mental healthb	8366	20.1	5731	43.3	14,097	25.7
Suffers from disabilityc	19,293	45.1	11,345	85.2	30,638	54.1
Observations	42,815	75.6	13,794	24.4	56,609	100

Countries included: Austria, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, France, Denmark, Switzerland, and Belgium

^aIncludes a set of binary variables recording participation in voluntary, educational, religious, and club activities within the previous 12 months

^bMeasured as a score higher than 3 on the EURO-D scale

^cMeasured as the presence of one or more limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs)