Table 1.

Conceptual frameworks of social exclusion of older persons

Summary exclusion domains	Guberman and Lavoie (2004)	Scharf et al. (2005); Scharf and Bartlam (2008)	Barnes et al. (2006); Kneale (2012)	Jehoel-Gijsbers and Vrooman (2008)	Feng (2003)	Walsh et al. (2012a)
Material and financial resources	1. Economic exclusion	1. Exclusion from material resources	1. Exclusion from material resources/common consumer goods 2. Exclusion from financial products	1. Socio-economic exclusion: material deprivation	1. Economic situation	1. Income and financial resources
Services, amenities and mobility	2. Institutional exclusion (e.g. decreased services)	2. Exclusion from basic services	3. Exclusion from basic services 4. Local amenities	2. Socio-economic exclusion: social rights (e.g. exclusion from government provisions)	2. Social rights	2. Access to services 3. Transport and mobility
Social relations	3. Exclusion from meaningful relations	3. Exclusion from social relations	5. Exclusion from social relationships	3. Socio-cultural exclusion: social integration (e.g. lack of social relations)	3. Social participation 4. Perceptions of loneliness 5. Social support 6. Social integration	4. Social connections and social resources
Civic participation	4. Socio-political exclusion	4. Exclusion from civic activities	6. Exclusion from civic activities and access to information
Neighbourhood and community	5. Territorial exclusion	5. Neighbourhood exclusion	7. Neighbourhood exclusion			5. Safety, security and crime
Socio-cultural aspects of society	6. Symbolic exclusion (e.g. negative representations of certain groups) 7. Identity exclusion (e.g. reduction to single identity such as age)		8. Exclusion from cultural activities	4. Socio-cultural exclusion: normative integration (e.g. lack of integration with society’s norms and values)