Table 4.
Soft and hard discrimination according to socio-demographic characteristics and work-related characteristics (% of respondents indicating some type of soft or hard discrimination)
| Characteristics | Categories | Soft discrimination | Hard discrimination | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | 31.0* | 18.4** | 581 |
| Male | 25.3* | 11.9** | 419 | |
| Age | 45–49 | 27.3 | 13.0 | 293 |
| 50–54 | 30.0 | 16.4 | 317 | |
| 55–59 | 28.4 | 16.7 | 257 | |
| 60–64 | 28.6 | 18.0 | 133 | |
| Education level | Elementary | 26.4 | 18.9 | 53 |
| Vocational | 25.8 | 14.4 | 271 | |
| Secondary | 31.5 | 17.4 | 425 | |
| Tertiary | 27.1 | 13.6 | 251 | |
| Place of residence | Big city and suburbs | 29.6 | 17.5* | 308 |
| Medium, small city | 31.6 | 18.9* | 275 | |
| Rural area | 25.9 | 12.2* | 417 | |
| Occupational status | Working | 24.0*** | 8.0*** | 730 |
| Unemployed | 50.0*** | 53.9*** | 104 | |
| Retired but still working | 26.2*** | 9.8*** | 61 | |
| Non-active | 41.0*** | 35.2*** | 105 | |
| Occupational group | Professionals, managers | 25.6 | 10.7** | 309 |
| Services, technicians, office clerks | 31.7 | 20.0** | 350 | |
| Manual and agriculture workers | 26.9 | 13.0** | 324 | |
| Type of sector | Public | 28.2* | 15.3** | 386 |
| Private | 26.9* | 13.7** | 517 | |
| Non-profit or mixed | 39.2* | 27.8** | 97 | |
| Sector of economy | Production | 25.9 | 14.8 | 398 |
| Services | 29.5 | 15.1 | 271 | |
| Public services | 30.3 | 14.3 | 307 | |
| Total | 28.6 | 15.7 | 1000 |
Chi-square test for differences between categories within variables ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05