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. 2017 Aug 8;8:1352. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01352

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Copyright © 2017 Benhamman, Bai, Drory, Loubert-Hudon, Ellis and Matton.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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BiFC kinase interaction assays. BiFC visualization of MKKK20 dimerization with MKK3 and MPK18 in onion epidermal cells. Fluorescent (A,C,E,G) and bright field (B,D,F,H) images of epidermal leaf onion cells cotransformed by vectors harboring split YFP and different kinase pairs: MKKK20/MKK3 (A,B); MKKK20/MPK18 (C,D); MKK3/MPK18 (E,F). Microparticle bombardment was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Full-length cDNAs from the three kinases were cloned in-frame with a split-YFP construct from either BiFC vector pUC-SPYCE or pUC-SPYNE (Walter et al., 2004). The bZIP63 transcription factor was used as positive control for BiFC (G,H). Scale bar = 20 μm.