Table 2.

Photocatalytic energy generation using graphene-based nanocomposites. GR – graphene; RGO – reduced graphene oxide; LED – light emitting diode; SS – solar simulator; TEOA – triethanolamine.

Sl no.	Photocatalyst	Synthesis route	Light source	Sacrificial reagents	H2 production	Ref. (year)
1	RGO–TiO2	sol–gel	500 W Xe lamp	Na2S and Na2SO3	8.6 µmol h−1	[57] (2013)
2	GR–TiO2	sol–gel	500 W Xe lamp	Na2S and Na2SO3	17.2 µmol	[53] (2010)
3	RGO–TiO2	hydrothermal	UV	Na2S and Na2SO3	20 µmol h−1	[132] (2011)
4	RGO–TiO2 (P25)	hydrothermal	200 W Xe arc lamp	–	74 µmol h−1	[13] (2011)
5	GR–CdS	solvothermal	350 W Xe lamp	lactic acid	1.12 mmol h−1	[133] (2011)
6	RGO–Cu2O	in situ growth	150 W Xe lamp	methanol	264.5 µmol h−1 g−1	[134] (2012)
7	GR–Cu–TiO2	hydrothermal and photodeposition	300 W Hg lamp	–	10.2 mmol	[125] (2012)
8	GO–CdS	precipitation process	300 W Xe lamp	Na2S and Na2SO3	314 µmol h−1	[123] (2012)
9	RGO–ZnxCd1−xS	coprecipitation - hydrothermal reduction	SS (AM 1.5 G)	Na2S and Na2SO3	1824 µmol h−1 g−1	[52] (2012)
10	RGO–MoS2	hydrothermal	300 W Xe lamp	TEOA	83.8 µmol h−1	[135] (2012)
11	RGO–CdS–ZnO	solid state	500 W tungsten halogen lamp	Na2S and Na2SO3	751 µmol h−1 0.2 g−1	[136] (2012)
12	GR–TiO2–MoS2	hydrothermal	UV	ethanol	165.3 µmol h−1	[126] (2012)
13	RGO–N–TiO2	hydrothermal	UV–visible	methanol	716 µmol h−1 g−1 112 µmol h−1 g−1	[137] (2013)
14	GR–MoS2–CdS	hydrothermal	300 W Xe lamp	lactic acid	2.32 mmol h−1	[138] (2014)
15	GR–MoS2–CdS	hydrothermal	300 W Xe lamp	Na2S and Na2SO3	1.8 mmol h−1	[116] (2014)
16	GR–Au–TiO2	microwave-assisted hydrothermal	LED lamp (420 nm)	–	296 µmol h−1 g−1	[139] (2014)
17	GR–MoS2–ZnS	hydrothermal	300 W Xe lamp	Na2S and Na2SO3	2258 µmol h−1 g−1	[140] (2014)
18	GR–Au–TiO2	hydrothermal and Photodeposition	450 W Hg lamp	methanol	1.34 mmol	[141] (2014)
19	GO-reduced TiO2	laser ablation in liquid	SS (AM 1.5G)	–	16 mmol h−1 g−1	[142] (2016)
20	GR–CdS	solvothermal	300 W Xe lamp	–	175 µmol h−1	[143] (2016)
21	RGO–Pt–TiO2	step-wise	SS (AM 1.5G)	TEOA	1075.68 µmol h−1 g−1	[144] (2017)