Table 4.
Graphene-based nanocomposites for environmental remediation. MCM 41 – mesoporous silica; H2TCPP – meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin; RGO – reduced graphene oxide; GR – graphene; EE2 – 17α-ethinylestradiol.
| Sl no. | photocatalyst | light source | pollutant (concentration) | tcompletion (min) | ref. (Year) |
| 1 | GO–TiO2 | visible light 1000 W Xe lamp | MO (12 mgL−1) | 180 min | [193] (2010) |
| 2 | GR–TiO2–MCM41 | 100 W Hg lamp | 2-propanol (2.6 mmol L−1) | – | [194] (2010) |
| 3 | RGO–ZnO | UV light | MB (5 mg L−1) | 260 min | [195] (2011) |
| 4 | GO–Ag–AgX (X = Cl, Br) | 500 W Xe arc lamp | MO (15 mg L−1) | 40 min | [196] (2011) |
| 5 | GR–ZnFe2O4 | 500 W Xe lamp | MB (20 mg L−1) | 90 min | [197] (2011) |
| 6 | GR–TiO2 | 150 W high-pressure Xe lamp | MB (1 mg · L−1) | 180 min | [198] (2011) |
| 7 | GR–InNbO4 | 500 W Xe lamp | MB (5 mg L−1) | 90 min | [199] (2011) |
| 8 | GR–Bi2WO6 | 500 W Xe lamp | RhB (10−5 M) | 16 min | [200] (2011) |
| 9 | GR–TiO2 | UV light, mercury lamp solar light | RhB (0.5 × 10−5 M) | 40 min | [201] (2012) |
| 10 | RGO–SnO2 | 350 W Xe lamp | MB (2.7 × 10−5 M) | 360 min | [202] (2012) |
| 11 | RGO@ZnO | simulated solar light | RhB | 120 min | [48] (2012) |
| 12 | RGO–ZnO | 12 W UV lamp | MB (5.0 × 10−5 M) | 130 min | [203] (2012) |
| 13 | GR–TiO2 | UV light, 40 W cylindrical black light bulb |
MB (0.01 mM) | – | [204] (2012) |
| 14 | GR–Fe3+–TiO2 | UV–vis light | MB (4.5 ppm), formaldehyde (3000 ppmV) |
150 min, 90 min | [205] (2013) |
| 15 | RGO–SnS2 | 500 W Xe lamp | Rh B (10 mg L−1), phenol (10 mg L−1) |
120 min, ≈240 min | [206] (2013) |
| 16 | RGO–MoS2 | visible light, 5 W white LED | MB (60 mg L−1) | 60 min | [185] (2014) |
| 17 | GR–TiO2 | UV light, 100 W mercury lamp |
MO (10-4 mol L−1 ) | 240 min | [207] (2014) |
| 18 | GR–CaTiO3 | 15 W low-pressure mercury lamp | MO (1 mg L−1) | 60 min | [208] (2014) |
| 19 | RGO–TiO2–ZnO | 300 W Xe lamp | MB (0.3 mg L−1) | 120 min | [209] (2015) |
| 20 | RGO–KTaO3 | visible light | phenol (0.21 mM) | 60 min | [210] (2015) |
| 21 | RGO–H2TCPP–TNT | halogen lamp | MB (10 mg L−1) | 120 min | [211] (2016) |
| 22 | RGO–Pt–TiO2 | 300 W Xe lamp irradiation | nitrobenzene (0.01M) | 480 min | [212] (2016) |
| 23 | RGO–Ag–Bi2MoO6 | 300 W halogen tungsten lamp | phenol (10 mg L−1) | 300 min | [213] (2016) |
| 24 | RGO–Ag–ZnFe2O4 | 300 W Xe lamp | EE2 (2.0 mg L−1) | 240 min | [214] (2016) |
| 25 | RGO–Pd–Bi2MoO6 | 300 W halogen tungsten lamp | phenol (10 mg L−1) | 300 min | [215] (2017) |