Figure 4.

HNG reduces mitochondrial DNA-mediated apoptosis in cybrids. Flow cytometric analyses used YO-PRO1 and PI stains to identify apoptotic cells, live cells, and dead cells in AMD and normal cybrids treated with 3.2 μM HNG for 72 h. Flow cytometry scatter plots of untreated normal (a) and untreated-AMD (c) cybrids along with HNG-treated normal (b) and HNG-treated AMD (d) cybrids are shown. The untreated-AMD cybrids had a 379% increase (P=0.001, n=3–4) in apoptotic cells (e) and a 36% decrease (P=0.0009, n=3–4) in live cells (f), compared to untreated normal cybrids. HNG treatment significantly decreased apoptotic cell numbers by 46.13% (P=0.02, n=3–4) in AMD cybrids compared to untreated AMD cybrids (e). No differences in the number of apoptotic cells and live cells were observed between untreated-normal and HNG-treated normal cybrids (Supplementary Table S7). Data are represented as mean±S.E.M., normalized to untreated-normal cybrids (assigned value of 1). The endpoint for all experiments was 72 h