Table 2. Models targeting ASM in T cells.

Model name	Effects of targeting ASM	References
ASM-knockout CD8+T cells	Impaired exocytosis of cytotoxic granules, diminished cytotoxicity, decreased IFNγ production	27
ASM-deficient CD4+ T cells	Perturbated IL-2 secretion Reduced CD4+ T-cell proliferation	33
ASM-deficient mice	Decreased IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells Increase of glucocorticoid-induced cell death	35
ASM-deficient mice	Reduced CD95-induced apoptosis of splenocytes	43
ASM-deficient mice	Impaired PI3K-Akt signal Augmentation of Treg function	56
Human graft-versus-host disease	No protect of ASM deficiency in transplant recipients with Niemann–Pick disease	67