Figure 10.

The speed and trajectory of launched ballistospores. (a) The launching velocity of live ballistospores is calculated from the velocities and Buller's drop radii reported in tables 1 and 2 of Noblin et al. [12], and that of spore-shaped particles is extracted from the launching trajectories in electronic supplementary material, movies S1 and S9 using procedures described in electronic supplementary material, section S2 and Liu et al. [30]. The linear fit according to equation (2.8) is , where the uncertainty indicates 95% CI of the fitting coefficient. The calculation of u^*_SL is based on the properties of pure water (fungal spores) or water–ethanol mixture (model spores), both at 20°C. (b–d) The launching trajectories of fungal spores, adapted from supplemental videos 14, 4 and 13 of Pringle et al. [11]. Each trajectory is rotated so that the long axis of the spore is approximately vertical. The trajectories in (b) and (d) represent the maximum deviation from the vertical (tangential) direction found in all videos in Pringle et al. [11], with deviations of 20° (b) and −15° (d). (Online version in colour.)