Table 2.

List of traditional medicinal plants used to treat different livestock ailments among the agro-pastoralist communities of Fafan Zone

Scientific name	Family	Vernacular name	Part (s) used	Indication	Method of preparation and application	Livestock species treated	Voucher number
Abutilon anglosomaliae Cufod.	Malvaceae	Balanbaal	Leaf	Non-specific external wound	Grounded leaves are applied to wound and washed later	All Livestock	TF-05
Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Malvaceae	Maran	Root	Hyena/Jackal bite wound	Crushed root is applied to affected area	Cattle	TF-25
			Leaf	Helminthiasis, Abdominal pain andSnake bite	Decoction drenched orally	Cattle, sheep and goat
Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth.	Mimosaceae	Bilcin	Bark and Root	Retained placenta	Crushed root and bark concocted with Acacia oerfota root is administered vaginally to clean uterus	Camel	TF-06
			Bark	Infertility	Bark placed in vagina to kill semen from previous unsuccessful mating	Cattle
Acacia oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf.	Mimosaceae	Gumar	Bark	Infertility	Bark placed in vagina to kill semen from previous unsuccessful mating	Cattle	TF-34
				Sudden sickness	Bark crushed, mixed with water and drenched orally	Camel
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso&Banfi	Mimosaceae	Madheedh	Gum	Non-specific external wound	Gum is applied to wound topically	All Livestock	TF-39
Adenium aculeatum (Forsk.)	Apocynaceae	Dhalaandhux	Stem/Root	Ringworm	Crushed root or stem dispersed in water is applied to lesions	Cattle	TF-20
			Stem/Root	Coughing/Pasteurellosis	Decocted and drenched orally	Goat and Sheep
Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult.	Apocynaceae	Aboobo wan Aad, Aboobo-gunweyn	Stem	Mange infestation	Inside of the stem which has been fermented for two days is applied to mange lesions	Camel	TF-37
Boscia minimifolia Chiov.	Capparaceae	Meygaag	Bark and Leaf	Bloat	Crushed bark and leaf mixed with water is drenched orally	Cattle	TF-31
Carullum speciosa N.E.Br .	Asclepiadaceae	Udaabeys	Leaf/Stem	Ringworm	Leaves/stem juice is applied to lesions	Cattle	TF-17
			Leaf	Eye injury or infection	Powdered leaves mixed with oil is applied locally as ointment	Cattle, sheep and goat
Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.	Celastraceae	Jaad, qat	Leaf	Helminthiaisis/Diarrhoea	Crushed leaves mixed with water is used as oral drench or mixed with feed and fed	Sheep and goat	TF-28
Celosia polystachina	Amaranthaceae	laaleys	Leaf	Non-specific external wound	Crushed leaves mixed with oil is applied to wound	Cattle	TF-22
Cissus quadrangularis L.	Vitaceae	Gaad	Aerial part	Tick infestation and external wound	Crushed aerial part mixed with water is applied topically	Cattle and Camel	TF-02
			Leaf	Mastitis, Helminthiaisis and Leach infestation	Crushed leaf mixed with water is drenched orally	Cattle and camel
			Aerial part	Black leg	Decoction drenched orally	Cattle
Cistanche phelypae L. Cout.	Orobanchaceae	Qoodho-dameer	Leaf and root	Trypanosomiasis	Chopped, mixed with water and drenched orally	Camel	TF-08
Commiphora erlangeriana Engl.	Bursuraceace	Dhunkaal	Bark	Tick infestation	Bark crushed, mixed with water, left overnight and used as wash	Cattle, camel, sheep and goat	TF-03
Commiphora erythrea (Ehrenb.) Engl.	Burseraceae	Xagar	Leaf/Gum	Mange infestation and ring worm	Cooked gum with animal’s urine is applied to the lesion; Leaf and gum burnt and applied to lesion	Camel	TF-14
Commiphora ogadensis Chiov.	Burseraceae	Xagar-madow	Gum	Ringworm	Gum mixed with water is applied to the lesions	Cattle (Calf) and camel	TF-11
Commiphora serrulata Engl.	Burseraceae	Mukh	Leaf	Orf	Leaf concocted with C.drangularis and mixed with animal urine is cooked and applied to the lesions	Sheep and goat	TF-38
Crabbea velutina S. Moore	Acanthaceae	Gheg-maanyo	Leaf	Hyena/Jackal wounds	Grounded leaves applied to wound and washed after three days	Donkey	TF-23
Crotalaria albicaulis Franch.	Fabaceae	Gabal-daye	Leaf	Trypanosomiasis	Leaf extracted withwater and concocted with leaf ofC.phelypaef is drenched orally	Camel	TF-12
Cucumella kelleri (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey	Cucurbitaceae	Afgub, uneexo	Root	Infertility	Root is inserted into vagina with Acacia oerfota to attract bull	Camel	TF-40
Cucumis prophetarum L.	Cucurbitaceae	Qalfoon-idaad	Root	Infertility	Root inserted into vagina with A.oerfota to attract bull	Cattle and Camel	TF-26
			Fruit	Swellings	Fruit is made warm and bandaged to affected area	All livestock
				Retained placenta	Crushed and used to wash uterus	Cattle, sheep and goat
Cucumis pustulatus Hook. f.	Cucurbitaceae	Qalfoon	Fruit/Seed	Non-specific external wound	Fruit pulp and seed applied to wound	All Livestock	TF-41
Cyphostemma cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.	Vitaceae	Carmo, carmo-waraaboz	Root	Non-specific external wound	Crushed root is applied topically as paste	Cattle, camel, sheep and goat	TF-49
Cyphostemma serpens (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.	Vitaceae	Carom	Root	Non-specific external wound	Powder of dried and crushed root is applied	All Livestock	TF-10
Dichrostachys cinerea Wight et Arn.	Mimosaceae	Warsamays	Stem	Hyena/Jackal bite wounds	Burned stem is applied to wound	All Livestock	TF-46
Echidnopsis dammaniana Sprenger	Asclepiadaceae	Riyo-dararis	Stem	Lice infestation and Snake bite	Crushed stem mixed with water is used as wash; Crushed and applied to affected area	Cattle (Calf)	TF-45
Entada leptostachya Harms	Mimosaceae	Gacma-dheere	Root	Coughing	Grounded root mixed with water is given intranasal; or mixed with feed and fed	Goat	TF-09
Euphorbia hirta L.	Euphorbiaceae	Caraba-nadh	Latex	Non-specific external wound	Latex/juice is applied to wound	All Livestock	TF-44
Euphorbia longispina Chiov.	Euphorbiaceae	Qabo	Latex	Non-specific external wound	Latex is applied to wound	All Livestock	TF-43
Euphorbia schizacantha Pax	Euphorbiaceae	Qabo-yare	Whole plant	Non-specific external wound	Whole plant crushed, dried and used as powder. Juice also applied to the affected area	Cattle and camel	TF-42
Indigofera amorphoides Jaub. & Spach	Fabaceae	Meydhax-dheere	Root	Tick and Lice infestation	Crushed (broken) root is applied to ticks/lice	Cattle, sheep and goat	TF-18
			Whole plant	Helminthiasis	Decoction drenched orally	Sheep and goat
Ipomoea cicatricosae L.	Convolvulaceae	Weylo-wad	Root	Joint diseases	Crushed root is applied topically	Cattle	TF-48
Jatropha spicata Pax	Euphorbiaceae	Mawe	Root	Non-specific external wound	Crushed root is applied topically to wound	All livestock	TF-15
			Seed	Indigestion (impaction)	Seed decocted and drenched orally	Cattle, sheep and goat
Justica generifolia	Acanthaceae	Buuxiso	Leaf	Non-specific external wound	Crushed leaves is applied to wound	Cattle	TF-32
Kleinia abyssinica (A.Rich.) A.Berger,	Asteraceae	Godor-cad	Rhizome	Sexual impotency	Fresh rhizome is given to bulls to enhance libido	Cattle	TF-35
Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult.	Convolvulaceae	Surad	Root	Non-specific external wound /thorns	Crushed root applied near to site of embedded thorns	Camel	TF-29
Moringa borziana Mattei	Moringaceae	Mawe	Root	Coughing	Crushed root mixed with boiled water is drenched orally	Sheep and goat	TF-21
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov.	Asclepiadaceae	Gees-riyaad	Leaf	Non-specific external wound	Leaf juice is applied to affected area	Cattle	TF-16
Psilotrichum gnaphalobryum (Hochst) Schintz	Amaranthaceae	Booga-dhaye	Leaf	Non-specific external wound	Crushed leaves concocted with Ipomoea cicatricosae is applied to wound	Donkey	TF-47
Pupalia lappcea L. Juss.	Amaranthaceae	Maro-boob, dhegmaanyo	Leaf, fruit or root	Retained placenta, painful joints and wound	Juice or paste is applied to lesion or affected area	Cattle, sheep and goat	TF-04
Salvadora persica L.	Salvadoraceae	Caday	Root	Non-specific external wound	Crushed root is applied topically	Cattle	TF-27
Sarcostemma andongense Hiern	Asclepiadaceae	Xangey-dhurwaa	Leaf	Snake bite	Leaf juice is applied orally	All livestock	TF-30
Schinus molle L.	Anacardiace	Mirmiri	Leaf	Tick infestation	Crushed leaves rubbed on to ticks	Cattle and sheep	TF-01
			Leaf	Eye injury/infection	Leaf Juice is applied topically	Cattle and sheep
			Bark	Helminthiasis	Water extract of the bark is applied orally	Sheep and goat
Seddera pedunculataae (Balf.f.) Verdc	Convulvolaceae	Nagadh	Whole plant	Dermatophilosis (skin infection)	Crushed whole plant is applied topically	Cattle and camel	TF-33
Solanium dubium fresen	Solanaceae	Urudhi, Xunboox	Fruit	Non-specific external wound	Fruit juice is applied topically	Camel	TF-36
Solanum incanum L.	Solanaceae	Waniiye, xunboox, kiriiri	Fruit/Leaf	Tick infestation	Fruit/leaf sap concocted with leaf of Schinusmolle is applied on tick infested area	Cattle and camel	TF-07
			Seed	infertility	Seed inserted into vagina to attract bull	Cattle
			Leaf	Ring worm and swollen joints	Crushed parts extracted in water is applied locally	Cattle and camel
			Fruit	Coughing/pneumonia/mastitis	Fruit sap is applied orally/nasally or locally	Goat
Solanum jubae Bitter	Solanaceae	Kiriiri, xunboox	Seeds, fruit, and root	Joint disease and Snake bite	Powder of dried and crushed parts is applied topically to the affected area	Cattle	TF-24
Withnia somnifera (L.) Dunal	Solanaceae	Guryo-fan	Leaf	Urinary abnormalities	Leaf concocted with Cissusquadrangularis and drenched orally	Cattle and camel	TF-13
Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.	Rutaceae	Geed-dixri	Fruit	Helminthiaisis	Powder of Crushed fruit mixed with water is applied orally as drench	Sheep	TF-19