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. 2017 Aug 8;8:1310. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01310

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Copyright © 2017 Duhoux, Pernin, Desserre and Délye.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Variation of relative expression levels of 19 NTSR marker genes among experimental modalities in the iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron and mefenpyr-diethyl experiment. Expression levels 24 h after treatment are averaged over the 36 rye-grass plants studied. Experimental modalities: W, water; AE, Actirob (adjuvant recommended for herbicide application) + ethoxylated castor oil; AEM, Actirob + ethoxylated castor oil + mefenpyr-diethyl; AEIM; Actirob + ethoxylated castor oil + iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron; AEIMM, Actirob + ethoxylated castor oil + iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron + mefenpyr-diethyl. For each marker, different letters indicate significantly different expression levels (Tukey's test, p < 0.05). NS, marker for which no significant effect of the experimental modality was detected in ANOVA (Table 3).