Table 3.
Associations between social determinants indicators and infant mortality rates in 100 MSAs, 2010–2013. *
| Model A a | Model B b | Model C c | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | RR | 95% CI | Beta | 95% CI | Beta | 95% CI | |||
| NH Black unemployment | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.11 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.91 |
| NH Black less than high school education | 1.05 | 0.95 | 1.17 | 0.13 | −0.04 | 0.30 | 0.35 | −0.22 | 0.92 |
| Structural racism (racial income inequality) | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 0.14 | −0.01 | 0.28 | 0.48 | −0.03 | 0.98 |
| Residential segregation (isolation) | 1.10 | 1.05 | 1.15 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 1.14 | 0.66 | 1.62 |
| Smoking prevalence among adults | 1.20 | 1.13 | 1.27 | −0.26 | −0.46 | −0.06 | 0.22 | −0.39 | 0.82 |
| Obesity prevalence among adults | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.22 | −0.20 | −0.35 | −0.05 | 0.41 | −0.04 | 0.86 |
| Limited access to healthy foods | 1.09 | 1.01 | 1.19 | −0.09 | −0.21 | 0.03 | 0.01 | −0.43 | 0.45 |
| Homicide rate | 1.07 | 0.99 | 1.15 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.34 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 1.06 |
| Air pollution | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.19 | −0.02 | −0.14 | 0.10 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.99 |
| Jail admission rate | 1.06 | 0.96 | 1.18 | −0.12 | −0.33 | 0.09 | −0.07 | −0.82 | 0.69 |
| Poor mental health days | 1.12 | 1.04 | 1.20 | −0.21 | −0.37 | −0.06 | −0.25 | −0.72 | 0.22 |
| Poor physical health days | 1.13 | 1.03 | 1.25 | −0.33 | −0.53 | −0.13 | −0.32 | −0.96 | 0.31 |
* All models adjusted for poverty rate in each jurisdiction; a Model A is the rate ratio comparing NH Black infant mortality rates across an interquartile range (IQR) increase in the indicator; b Model B beta estimates represent the change in magnitude of the rate ratio comparing NH Black and NH White IMRs for an IQR increase in the indicator; c Model C beta estimates represent the change in magnitude of the rate difference between NH Black and NH White IMRs for an IQR increase in the indicator.