Table 1.
Overview of studies on female urinary concentrations of BPA and markers of fecundity.
| Citation | Years of Study | Number of Women | Type of Study | Timing of Exposure | Mean/median urinary BPA concentration (ng/mL) | Outcome(s) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mok-Lin et al. 2010 | 2004–2008 | 84 | Prospective IVF study | Between day 3–9 and 10–20 of menstrual IVF cycle | Median (IQR): 1.60 (0.70, 3.10) GM (SD): 2.52 (SD 3.20) |
Markers of ovarian response | Associated with decreased oocytes retrieved and peak oestradiol levels. |
| Ehrlich et al. 2012a | 2004–2010 | 137 | Prospective IVF study | Between day 3–9 and 10–20 of menstrual IVF cycle | Median (IQR): 1.50 (0.89, 2.40) GM (SD): 1.53 (2.22) |
Implantation failure | Associated with increased implantation failure |
| Ehrlich et al. 2012b | 2004–2010 | 174 | Prospective IVF study | Between day 3–9 and 10–20 of menstrual IVF cycle | Median (IQR): 1.50 (0.85, 2.47) GM (SD): 1.50 (2.22) |
Markers of ovarian response and early reproductive outcomes | Associated with decrease oocytes (retrieved, mature and fertilized), E2 levels, and blastocyst formation. No associations with embryo quality or cleavage rate |
| Souter et al. 2013 | 2004–2010 | 209 | Prospective fertility patient study | Study entry, and between day 3–9 and 10–20 of menstrual cycle | Median (IQR): 1.20 (0.70, 2.30) GM (SD): 1.30 (2.50) |
Markers of ovarian reserve | Associated with lower AFC. No associations with day 3 FSH levels or ovarian volume. |
| Buck-Louis et al. 2014a | 2005–2009 | 501 | Prospective TTP study | Study entry | GM (5th, 95th): 0.63 (0.54, 0.73) | Couples fecundity as TTP | No association with TTP. |
| Minguez-Alarcon et al. 2015 | 2004–2012 | 256 | Prospective IVF study | Between day 3–9 and 10–20 of menstrual IVF cycle | Median (IQR): 1.47 (0.89, 2.40) GM (SD): 2.06 (2.20) |
IVF outcomes | No association with total and mature oocytes, embryo quality, fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy or live birth. |
| Velez et al. 2015 | 2008–2011 | 1,742 | Retrospective TTP Study | First trimester | GM (5th, 95th): 0.78 (0.73, 0.82) | Couples fecundity as TTP | No association with TTP. |
| Zhou et al. 2016 | 2014 | 268 | Prospective study in infertile women with PCOS | Study entry | Median (IQR): 2.35 (1.47, 3.95) | Markers of ovarian reserve | Associated with lower AFC. No associations with AMH, Day 3 FSH or inhibin B levels. |
| Jukic et al. 2016 | 1982–1986 | 221 | Prospective TTP study | 3 pooled urines from each menstrual cycle | Median (IQR): 2.7 (1.8, 4.3) | Ovulation, conception and pregnancy loss. | Associated with shorter luteal phases. Not associated with mid-luteal progesterone levels, TTP, or early pregnancy loss. |