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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 10.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA. 2016 Dec 27;316(24):2627–2646. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.16885

Table 3.

Personal Health Care Spending in the United States by Condition for 2013

Ranka Condition Assigned Aggregated Condition
Category
2013
Spending
(Billions of
Dollars), $
Annualized Rate
of Change,
1996–2013, %
2013 Spending by Type of Care, %
2013 Spending by Age, %
Ambulatory
Care
Inpatient
Care
Pharmaceuticals Emergency
Care
Nursing
Facility Care
<20 Years ≥65 Years
All conditions 2100.1   3.5 33.6 33.2 13.7   4.9   9.3 11.1 37.9

    1 Diabetes mellitus Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases   101.4   6.1 23.5   9.5 57.6   0.4   9.1   1.7 42.8

    2 Ischemic heart disease Cardiovascular diseases     88.1   0.2 23.9 56.5 11.3   0.9   7.3   0.2 61.2

    3 Low back and neck pain Musculoskeletal disorders     87.6   6.5 60.5 28.8   4.1   4.2   2.5   2.0 28.8

    4 Treatment of hypertension Treatment of risk factors     83.9   5.1 45.8   1.3 41.2   1.8   9.9   0.7 53.4

    5 Falls Injuries     76.3   3.0 29.7 34.3   0.6 22.7 12.7 10.3 48.2

    6 Depressive disorders Mental and substance abuse disorders     71.1   3.4 53.1 11.6 32.1   0.5   2.8   7.1 13.3

    7 Oral disordersb Other noncommunicable diseases     66.4   2.9   1.0   1.5   0.4   1.2   0.1 13.1 20.7

    8 Sense organ diseasesc Other noncommunicable diseases     59.0   2.8 85.4   2.3   8.6   2.1   1.6   9.0 54.0

    9 Skin and subcutaneous diseasesd Other noncommunicable diseases     55.7   3.5 52.0 20.7 12.6   6.0   8.6 14.4 29.8

  10 Pregnancy and postpartum caree Well care     55.6   2.9 47.6 50.5   0.6   1.3   0.0   6.4   0.0

  11 Urinary diseases and male infertilityf Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases     54.9   4.8 37.0 21.9   9.5 13.4 18.3   4.5 51.1

  12 COPD (chronic bronchitis, emphysema) Chronic respiratory diseases     53.8   2.5 19.2 34.8 18.9   6.1 21.1   3.5 64.5

  13 Treatment of hyperlipidemia Treatment of risk factors     51.8 10.3 20.9   0 78.5   0   0.6   0.4 48.8

  14 Well dental (general examination and cleaning, x-rays, orthodontia) Well care     48.7   2.7   0   0   0   0   0 37.4 12.8

  15 Osteoarthritis Musculoskeletal disorders     47.9   5.9 23.5 63.8   5.8   0.1   6.9   0 60.1

  16 Other musculoskeletal disordersg Musculoskeletal disorders     44.9   3.8 49.4 25.4   9.2   5.0 11.0   3.7 40.6

  17 Cerebrovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases     43.8   1.1   5.2 54.0   2.6   1.4 36.7   2.3 70.8

  18 Other neurological disordersh Neurological disorders     43.7   7.3 50.9 12.1 15.8   5.2 16.0   2.5 38.4

  19 Other digestive diseasesi Digestive diseases     38.8   3.3 39.0 36.2 12.5   7.7   4.6   5.2 35.8

  20 Lower respiratory tract infections Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     37.1   3.1 12.5 48.6   1.5   6.3 31.1 16.6 56.0

  21 Alzheimer disease and other dementias Neurological disorders     36.7   1.9   1.9   5.1   4.5   0.2 88.4   0 97.4

  22 Other chronic respiratory diseasesj Chronic respiratory diseases     34.7   3.2 68.4   3.1 25.1   2.9   0.5 23.4 12.4

  23 Septicemia Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     33.9   8.9   0 96.1   0   0   3.9   2.0 64.9

  24 Asthma Chronic respiratory diseases     32.5   5.4 21.6 13.8 57.5   6.0   1.1 27.8 19.8

  25 Exposure to mechanical forcesk Injuries     30.0   3.5 47.2   7.3   1.0 44.3   0.2 26.2   6.9

  26 Anxiety disorders Mental and substance abuse disorders     29.7   5.0 71.4   3.9 19.7   2.5   2.6 11.3   8.4

  27 Heart failure Cardiovascular diseases     28.5   1.1   4.2 71.0   0.7   0.6 23.7   1.2 76.7

  28 Well newborn Well care     27.9   3.8   0 100.0   0   0   0 100.0   0

  29 Atrial fibrillation and flutter Cardiovascular diseases     27.7   4.6 32.3 41.0   5.9 11.2   9.6   0 67.3

  30 Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseasesl Cardiovascular diseases     26.0   2.4 24.6 62.4   4.4   1.3   7.3   1.1 60.6

  31 Other unintentional injuries (overexertion, other accidents) Injuries     25.6   5.8 65.6 14.7   0.9 18.5   0.4   8.6 11.2

  32 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Mental and substance abuse disorders     23.2   5.9 62.6   0.6 36.8   0   0 88.7   0.6

  33 Road injuries (auto, cycle, motorcycle, and pedestrian) Injuries     20.0   2.1 12.6 67.3   0.2 18.0   1.8 15.2 13.8

  34 Gynecological diseasesm Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases     19.8   1.4 68.3 19.6   4.0   7.0   1.1   2.9   8.8

  35 Endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disordersn Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases     19.6   5.4 36.1 33.1 24.4   1.0   5.4   9.6 35.3

  36 Colon and rectum cancers Neoplasms     18.5   2.0 41.7 52.0   0.7   0.6   5.0   0.4 54.5

  37 Schizophrenia Mental and substance abuse disorders     17.6   2.0 10.1 54.3   1.6   0.5 33.6   1.6 30.6

  38 Well person Well care     15.4   1.7 98.0   0   2.0   0   0 55.5   9.0

  39 Gallbladder and biliary diseases Digestive diseases     15.2   2.7 20.6 71.9   0.1   4.2   3.2   2.4 36.0

  40 Upper respiratory tract infections Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     14.7   1.3 69.2   5.1   3.3 19.6   2.8 57.1   6.0

  41 Chronic kidney diseases Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases     13.5   4.0 18.1 68.0   3.3   0 10.7   2.0 52.5

  42 Drug use disorderso Mental and substance abuse disorders     13.5   3.1 56.4 32.6   0.3   2.7   8.0   5.0 19.7

  43 Bipolar disorder Mental and substance abuse disorders     13.1   4.0 29.6 60.7   5.7   0.1   3.9 13.6   9.0

  44 Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers Neoplasms     13.1   2.0 48.6 46.0   0.9   0.5   4.1   0.4 54.5

  45 Acute renal failure Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases     12.7   8.0 27.0 63.8   0.4   0   8.8   3.7 62.1

  46 Breast cancer Neoplasms     12.1   1.0 71.1 23.5   2.7   0   2.7   0.2 30.5

  47 Other infectious diseasesp Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     12.1   2.8 52.5 13.0   6.6 14.0 13.9 48.4 16.1

  48 Other neoplasms Neoplasms     11.6   5.5 28.9 69.0   0.4   0   1.8 11.5 35.9

  49 Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis Chronic respiratory diseases     10.9   9.2   0 99.2   0   0   0.8   0.8 55.3

  50 Congenital anomalies Other noncommunicable diseases     10.7   4.4 23.6 72.6   0.1   0   3.6 69.6   8.4

  51 Aortic aneurysm Cardiovascular diseases       9.5   3.0 17.2 60.9   3.0 12.4   6.5   1.5 54.5

  52 Pancreatitis Digestive diseases       9.5   1.9   0.4 78.4   0.6   3.3 17.3   4.3 48.7

  53 Alcohol use disorders (alcohol dependence and harmful use) Mental and substance abuse disorders       9.3   2.0 43.3 38.6   0 14.0   4.2   2.6   7.9

  54 Diarrheal diseases Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       9.2   4.1 24.2 50.5   4.3 11.4   9.6 18.9 44.8

  55 Otitis media Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       8.8 −0.1 82.6   1.4   5.9 10.1   0.1 83.2   2.3

  56 Nonmelanoma skin cancer Neoplasms       8.2   7.1 96.8   2.5   0.3   0   0.5   0 73.6

  57 Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction Digestive diseases       8.0   3.3   0.4 91.9   0   0   7.6   3.3 60.0

  58 Appendicitis Digestive diseases       7.8   3.4   0.3 95.6   0   0   4.1 19.8 20.0

  59 Migraine Neurological disorders       7.3   5.1 35.0   9.9 39.3 15.8   0   4.8   2.9

  60 Inflammatory bowel disease Digestive diseases       6.8   3.3 17.9 53.8   5.5 16.3   6.5 13.3 26.7

  61 Peptic ulcer disease Digestive diseases       6.7   1.7   2.7 74.3   0.4   8.9 13.7   2.0 55.6

  62 Iron-deficiency anemia Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       6.5   8.1 28.4 46.3   1.9   0.3 23.1   2.4 67.0

  63 Peripartum death due to complications of a preexisting medical condition Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       6.4   6.8   8.1 87.7   0.4   3.8   0 10.0   0

  64 Brain and nervous system cancers Neoplasms       5.7   3.2 24.4 65.4   1.7   0   8.5   9.6 26.9

  65 Uterine cancer Neoplasms       5.6   1.2 25.1 71.6   0.6   1.3   1.4   0.2 16.2

  66 Prostate cancer Neoplasms       5.4   0.8 55.2 35.9   2.7   0.5   5.7   0.1 66.4

  67 Other maternal disorders (second-degree and third-degree vaginal tears) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       5.2   0.7   4.7 92.4   0.2   2.7   0   9.3   0

  68 Interpersonal violence (rape and assault) Injuries       5.2   3.5   5.0 65.6   0.1 29.3   0.1 16.2   2.3

  69 Other mental and behavioral disorders (insomnia) Mental and substance abuse disorders       5.1   2.2 71.9   9.8 17.3   0   1.0 22.0 18.6

  70 Neglected tropical diseases and malariaq Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       5.1   9.9   1.0 88.7   0.5   0   9.8   4.9 42.2

  71 Family planning Well care       5.1   5.7 24.4   0.3 75.3   0   0   4.5   1.3

  72 Obesity (treatment of morbid obesity, including bariatric surgery) Treatment of risk factors       5.0   9.9 18.8 74.6   4.3   0   2.3   2.0   7.4

  73 Preterm birth complicationsr Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       4.9   3.1   6.0 93.8   0.1   0.2   0 100.0   0

  74 Parkinson disease Neurological disorders       4.9   0.3   6.8 37.3   5.4   0 50.5   0 84.1

  75 HIV/AIDS Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       4.8   2.4 12.6 74.4   6.8   0   6.2   2.8 13.1

  76 Multiple sclerosis Neurological disorders       4.4   2.0 11.0 46.1 13.1   0 29.8   2.8 40.8

  77 Epilepsy Neurological disorders       4.3   8.5   7.2 79.0   5.8   0.8   7.3 20.9 22.7

  78 Cirrhosis of the liver Cirrhosis       4.2   5.1   7.8 88.5   0   0   3.6   1.3 19.6

  79 Stomach cancer Neoplasms       3.9   2.3 20.6 60.9   0.2   0.2 18.1   0.3 69.7

  80 Leukemia Neoplasms       3.9   2.5   2.3 94.8   0   0   2.9 18.1 28.5

  81 Gastritis and duodenitis Digestive diseases       3.4   2.2 12.2 54.6   3.0 19.4 10.7   6.0 40.2

  82 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       3.0   6.4   1.2 98.8   0   0   0   9.1   0

  83 Kidney cancer Neoplasms       3.0   4.3 30.6 67.7   0.1   0   1.6   3.4 43.0

  84 Autistic spectrum disorders Mental and substance abuse disorders       3.0 17.6 95.6   2.1   2.4   0   0 97.3   0.2

  85 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Neoplasms       2.9   2.2 20.1 76.5   0   0   3.5   2.8 52.9

  86 Self-harm Injuries       2.8   5.1   0 97.7   0   2.0   0.3   8.6   7.1

  87 Bladder cancer Neoplasms       2.8   2.7 50.7 45.6   0.1   0   3.5   0.1 74.0

  88 Pancreatic cancer Neoplasms       2.7   2.5 28.0 65.2   1.6   2.2   3.1   0.7 53.0

  89 Hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases       2.6   4.3   1.2 97.3   0   0   1.6 19.9 19.4

  90 Peripheral vascular disease Cardiovascular diseases       2.5   1.8 38.0 37.1   1.2   0.3 23.4   0 68.3

  91 Liver cancer Neoplasms       2.4   6.1   6.6 61.1   3.5 12.5 16.3 12.2 48.3

  92 Rheumatoid arthritis Musculoskeletal disorders       2.4 −0.7 33.6 21.2 29.3   0 15.9   2.8 38.3

  93 Counselling services (medical consultation) Well care       2.1   3.8 84.9   0.7   9.7   0   4.7   9.8 12.6

  94 Animal contact (snake and dog) Injuries       2.1   3.8 40.6 15.0   2.1 42.0   0.3 28.1   9.0

  95 Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       2.1   0.9   8.2 72.4   0.9   7.3 11.2   6.8 30.6

  96 Cervical cancer Neoplasms       2.1 −0.6 39.8 40.9   0.3   0.1 18.9   0.7 23.2

  97 Obstructed labor Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       2.1   3.9   0.2 93.2   0.1   0   6.5   3.6 43.3

  98 Complications of abortion (miscarriage included) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       2.0   3.8 30.8 43.6   0.4 25.3   0   5.7   0

  99 Rheumatic heart disease Cardiovascular diseases       1.9   0.3   0 97.2   0   0   2.8   0.6 71.3

100 Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis Cardiovascular diseases       1.8   2.9   4.1 89.1   0.6   0   6.2   5.2 29.3

101 Inguinal or femoral hernia Digestive diseases       1.8   2.1 15.7 80.9   0   0   3.4   2.5 57.1

102 Ovarian cancer Neoplasms       1.5   1.5 26.2 69.8   0.3   0   3.6   0.7 37.9

103 Fire, heat, and hot substances (including burns) Injuries       1.4   0.2   3.7 83.7   0.1   9.9   2.7 22.0 19.8

104 Collective violence and legal intervention Injuries       1.3   2.2   0 99.6   0   0.4   0 13.9 16.1

105 Vascular intestinal disorders Digestive diseases       1.3   2.4   0 95.8   0   0   4.2   0.9 63.5

106 Malignant skin melanoma Neoplasms       1.3   2.5 71.6 26.5   0.3   0.0   1.6   1.0 29.6

107 Foreign body (eye and airway obstruction) Injuries       1.2   2.1 21.1 40.3   0.4 37.6   0.7 26.7 16.8

108 Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer Neoplasms       1.2   1.6 25.9 67.0   1.4   3.3   2.5   0.5 59.7

109 Mouth cancer Neoplasms       1.2   1.2 30.4 65.3   0.2   0   4.0   0.7 40.4

110 Other pharynx cancer Neoplasms       1.2   3.8 28.1 24.5   1.6 44.0   1.8   5.0 20.6

111 Maternal hemorrhage (antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       1.1   4.2   1.8 73.3   0 24.9   0.0   6.8   0

112 Varicella Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       1.0   2.9 36.1 30.9 10.0   1.4 21.6   6.4 58.7

113 Meningitis Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.9   0.8   2.2 95.1   0.1   0   2.5 24.9 20.0

114 Multiple myeloma Neoplasms       0.9   2.9   0 94.9   0   0   5.1   0 45.3

115 Other nutritional deficiencies Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.9   2.0 28.0 12.8 15.0   0 44.2 10.5 53.7

116 Poisonings Injuries       0.9   2.7   0.5 84.1   0   9.7   5.7 12.2 34.5

117 Eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia) Mental and substance abuse disorders       0.9   0.4   2.7 85.7   0.2 10.9   0.5 35.2   0

118 Mesothelioma Neoplasms       0.9   2.9 11.2 74.8   0.2   0.9 12.9   0.6 54.1

119 Conduct disorder Mental and substance abuse disorders       0.8   0.9 66.6 32.8   0.6   0   0 95.7   0

120 Nasopharynx cancer Neoplasms       0.8   3.9 43.7 21.9   5.5 26.2   2.6 10.0 22.6

121 Other transport injuriess Injuries       0.8   1.8 26.8 62.2   0.3   8.5   2.3 22.3 10.7

122 Larynx cancer Neoplasms       0.8   1.5 20.1 71.1   0.1   0   8.6   0.5 52.1

123 Gout Musculoskeletal disorders       0.7   4.3 25.2 27.1 27.7 12.3   7.7   0.9 43.6

124 Donor (organ donation) Well care       0.7   9.6   0 99.9   0   0   0.1   2.9   1.5

125 Idiopathic intellectual disability Mental and substance abuse disorders       0.7 −1.2   2.5   0.6   0.6   0 96.4   8.0 52.2

126 Esophageal cancer Neoplasms       0.7   1.3   0 91.5   0   2.6   5.9   0.9 51.3

127 Endocarditis Cardiovascular diseases       0.6 −0.4   0 89.4   0   0 10.7   2.8 40.9

128 Thyroid cancer Neoplasms       0.6   3.1 15.9 81.1   0.9   0   2.2   1.2 36.1

129 Hypertensive heart disease Cardiovascular diseases       0.5 −5.8   0 89.0   0   0 11.0   0.1 65.3

130 Other neonatal disorders (feeding problems, temperature regulation) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.4   6.5   4.5 89.4   0.1   6.0   0 100.0   0

131 Protein-energy malnutrition (nutritional marasmus) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.4   0.2   0 54.5   0   0 45.2 13.3 53.4

132 Neonatal encephalopathy (birth asphyxia and birth trauma) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.4   3.1   0.1 100.0   0   0   0 100.0   0

133 Hemolytic disease in fetus and newborn and other neonatal jaundicet Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.3   2.6   6.0 93.0   0   1.0   0 100.0   0

134 Encephalitis Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.3   6.3   0 94.7   0   0   5.3 14.7 26.1

135 Tuberculosis Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.3 −0.5   2.1 84.1   0   0 13.8 10.1 27.6

136 Whooping cough Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.3   2.7   2.6 96.6   0.5   0   0.4 31.1   0

137 Hepatitis Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.3   3.2 36.2 62.7   0   0   1.1   1.3 16.7

138 Sepsis and other infectious disorders of the newborn baby Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.2   4.2   0 100.0   0   0   0 100.0   0

139 Hodgkin lymphoma Neoplasms       0.2   1.1   0 97.6   0   0   2.4 12.9 14.4

140 Pneumoconiosis Chronic respiratory diseases       0.2   3.2   0 98.0   0   0   2.0   0.1 72.3

141 Exposure to forces of natureu Injuries       0.2   5.3   0.3 96.3   0   1.3   2.1   4.8 39.4

142 Drowning Injuries       0.1 −0.3 10.9 85.6   0   3.5   0 28.9 45.3

143 Iodine deficiency (iodine hypothyroidism) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.1 −0.8   0 11.3 16.2   0 72.5 14.6 51.8

144 Tobacco (tobacco use disorder, cessation) Treatment of risk factors       0.1   5.3 12.1 85.3   0   0.1   2.5   3.7 18.5

145 Maternal sepsis and other pregnancy related infectionv Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders       0.1   4.4   0 99.9   0   0   0.1 14.0   0

146 Tension-type headache Neurological disorders       0.1   5.4 25.8 73.5   0   0   0.7   3.6 17.8

147 Testicular cancer Neoplasms       0.1   2.8 19.2 77.9   0   2.1   0.7   9.0   3.3

148 Intestinal infectious diseasesw Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     <0.1   0.8   0 90.0   0   0 10.1 25.8 26.1

149 Vitamin A deficiency Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     <0.1 14.7   0 100.0   0   0   0 100.0   0

150 Social services (services for family members) Well care     <0.1 −0.2 75.0 16.4   0   0   8.6 11.8 30.7

151 Diphtheria Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     <0.1 −0.1 53.5 29.3 15.5   0   1.7 57.9   0

152 Acute glomerulonephritis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases     <0.1   1.8   0 93.5   0   0   6.5 30.5 36.0

153 Measles Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     <0.1 −1.6   1.5 90.0   2.7   0   5.8   5.2   0

154 Leprosy Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     <0.1   1.0   0   3.6   1.2   0 95.2   1.4 91.3

155 Tetanus Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders     <0.1 −1.3   0 82.5   0   0 17.5 36.4 20.3

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

a

Ranked from largest spending to smallest spending. Reported in 2015 US dollars. eTables 9.1 and 9.2 in the Supplement include all conditions, all types of care, and uncertainty intervals for all estimates.

b

Oral surgery and dental caries, including fillings, crowns, extraction, and dentures.

c

Cataracts, vision correction, adult hearing loss, and macular degeneration.

d

Cellulitis, sebaceous cyst, acne, and eczema.

e

Normal pregnancy, including cesarean delivery.

f

Urinary tract infection and cyst of kidney.

g

Disorders of joints, muscular, and connective tissue.

h

Pain syndromes and muscular dystrophy.

i

Diseases of the esophagus and diverticulitis of the colon.

j

Sleep apnea, allergic rhinitis, and chronic sinusitis.

k

Falling object, striking other object, cuts, and being crushed.

l

Paroxysmal tachycardia, and unspecified dysrhythmias.

m

Menopausal and postmenopausal disorders and endometriosis.

n

Other diseases of thyroid and von Willebrand disease.

o

Cocaine, opioid, and amphetamines and cannabis dependence.

p

Viral and chlamydial infection and streptococcal infection.

q

Lyme disease, rabies, cysticercosis, and dengue.

r

Respiratory distress and extreme neonatal immaturity.

s

Riding animals and vehicles other than automobiles (buses, planes, trains).

t

Jaundice and hemolytic disease.

u

Excessive cold or heat, hurricanes, tornados, and earthquakes.

v

Major puerperal infection.

w

Escherichia coli, giardiasis, and typhoid fever.