Table 1. Primers and probes used for ddPCR assays in this study.

Target (Gene)	Primer name	Sequence (5’-3’)a	Length (bp)	Accession number	Position on reference sequence	Reference
Chicken (cytb)	Cytb-F	TCTGGGCTTAACTCTCATACTCACC	106	L08376	690–714	[36]
	Cytb-R	GGTTACTAGTGGGTTTGCTGGG			774–795	[36]
	Cytb-Probe	CATTCCTAACACTAGCCCTA			716–735	[36]
Porcine (ATPase)	F7773	CTCAATGGTATGCCACAACTAG	313	AF034253	8950–8971	[37]
	R8064	CATTGTTGGATCGAGATTGTGC			9241–9262	[37]
	Porcine-Probe	ATCTCAAACTACTCATACCCAGCAAGCCCA			9040–9069	This study
Turkey (12S rRNA)	12S-FW	CCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTGTAAT	122	KP171707	90–115	[38]b
	12S-RV2	TTGAGCTCACTATTGATCTTTCATTTT			185–211	[38]b
	12S-Probe	TCCACCCAACCACCTCTTGCCAACAC			129–154	This study
Bovine (ATP synthase)	F8108	CCATATACTCTCCTTGGTGAC	270	KC153975	8108–8128	[37]
	R8357	GTAGGCTTGGGAATAGTACGA			8357–8377	[37]
	Bovine-Probe	TAGACACGTCAACATGACTGACAATGATC			8139–8167	This study
Internal control (Artificial)	IC-F	AAGACATTGTGGATGCAGATGAGTA	134		1–25	This study
	IC-R	TAGGCAAGTGCATCCTCCTC			115–134
	IC-Probe	CTTGTCCCTCCTGTTGGTACTAGAGA			27–52
	IC-Fragment	AAGACATTGTGGATGCAGATGAGTATCTTG TCCCTCCTGTTGGTACTAGAGAGGGGGAAA GGGCGAATTCTGCAAGATGAAAGGGCCCTA CAGATTCGCAGAATTCGCGTGATGGAGGAG GATGCACTTGCCTA

^aProbes were labeled with 6-FAM or Cal Fluor Orange (for IC) at 5’ end.

^bMinor modifications were made to the published primers.