Skip to main content
. 2017 Aug 10;12(8):e0182794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182794

Table 2. Herbal preparations of the included studies (n = 9).

1stauthor Jiang [21] Jiang [22] Yuan [23] Li [24] Macan [25] Abdul [26] Lee [27] Abdul [28] Zhou [29]
Material (Scientific name) St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) Panax Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Ginkgo (Gingko bilba) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) America Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Garlic (Allium sativum) Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Garlic (Allium sativum) Red ginseng (Panax ginseng) Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea) Ginkgo (Gingko biloba)
Preprocessing of material ND ND ND ND Grinding ND Slicing ND ND Steaming ND ND
Type of extract Dry extract Dry extract Dry extract ND None Juice Long-term maceration ND ND Decoction ND ND
Solvent ND ND ND ND None ND Aqueous ethanol ND ND Water ND ND
Formulation type Tablet Capsule Tablet Capsule Capsule Packaged liquid Solid Capsule Tablet Powder Tablet Tablet
Commerical product Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes ND Yes ND
Constituents & Qualty Control

  • 1 g of Hyperricum perforatum, 0.825 mg of hypericin and 12.5 mg of hyperforin

  • 0.5 g of Panax ginseng root and 8.93 mg of ginsenosides as ginsenoside Rg1

  • 2 g of Ginkgo biloba leaf, 9.6 mg of ginkgo flavonglycosides, 2.4 mg of ginkgolides and bilobalide

  • 0.4 g of ginger rhizome powder

  • 5.19% of total ginsenoside (Ginsenoside Rb1: 1.93%; Rb2: 0.20%; Rc: 0.61%; Rd: 0.42%; Re: 1.68%; Rg1: 0.35%)

  • Food-grade quality for human consumption

  • Packaging

  • Containing 305 g/L of extracted solids

  • Concentration of S-allycysteine, active compound: 1.47 g/L

  • Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practices

  • High concentration of anthocytanins and quercetins

  • Physical stability test

  • 2000 mg of fresh garlic bulb equivalent to 3.71 mg of allicin per tablet

  • Assay for Allicin-releasing characteristics

  • 100 mg/g of saponins and more than 60% of solid powder

  • 600mg of Echinacea angustilfolia roots and 675 mg of Echinacea purpurea root, 5.75 mg of total alkamides per tablet

  • 9.6 mg of total flavonol glycosides, 2.4 mg of terpene lactones

Abbreviations: ND, not described