Table 4.

Relationships of program quality indices, averaged over Waves 1 and 2, to positive youth development at Wave 2, controlling positive youth development at Wave 1, standardized coefficients.

Program Quality Index	Collective Efficacy		Prosocial Behavior		Afterschool Connectedness		Respect for Adults
	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.
Composite (Unrotated first factor)	0.09	0.06	0.10 *	0.04	0.12 *	0.05	0.02	0.03
ACA	0.11	0.07	0.13 *	0.05	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.04
Arnett Sensitivity-Detachment	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.04	0.09 +	0.05	0.03	0.03
Arnett Harshness	−0.12 *	0.06	−0.11 *	0.04	−0.05	0.05	−0.07 *	0.03
Arnett Permissiveness	−0.01	0.06	−0.01	0.05	0.00	0.05	0.02	0.04
PPRS Supportive Relations with Adults	0.08	0.06	0.09 *	0.04	0.09 +	0.05	0.02	0.03
PPRS Supportive Relations with Peers	0.12 *	0.06	0.08 +	0.04	0.10 *	0.05	0.00	0.04
PPRS Appropriate Structure	−0.04	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.05	−0.02	0.04
PPRS Level of Engagement	0.13 *	0.06	0.10 *	0.04	0.11 *	0.05	0.02	0.03
YPQA Active Engagement	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.09 +	0.05	−0.01	0.03
YPQA Belonging	0.08	0.06	0.10 *	0.04	0.13 **	0.05	0.04	0.03
YPQA Adult Engagement	0.08	0.06	0.08 *	0.04	0.10	0.05	0.05	0.03
N programs	71		71		71		71
N children	390		435		429		403

⁺p < .1;

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001

Each result is from a separate multilevel model with random intercepts and controls for the wave 1 outcome measure, intervention versus control, gender, cohort, race/ethnicity, and grade.