FIG. 6.

Pulsed LiFU evokes phase locked action potentials and mimics stimulation by direct mechanical vibration. Representative transient-type sensitive saccular afferent with phase locked responses at winding ratios k = 1–4 for (A) 1 ms LiFU packets at 100 pps, (B) sinusoidal piezoelectric mechanical stimulation at 101 Hz, and (C) combined stimuli with responses beating at the difference frequency of 1 Hz. Amplitudes of the two stimuli were adjusted to evoke similar responses when presented alone. Single arrows denote times of constructive interference when the stimuli add and double arrows show times of destructive interference when the stimuli cancel. (D) Stimulus phase histograms showing phase locking of action potentials in response 100 pps pulsed 5 MHz LiFU (red) and 101 Hz sinusoidal mechanical stimulation of the otolith (blue).