Table 2.

Data Extraction of Key Information for Synthesis and Quality Appraisal

Author, Title, Journal	Year	Purpose	Design	Population	Setting	Results	Limitations
Boydell, L., & McAllister, B., European prototype for integrated care (EPIC), International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance	1996	To develop a prototype Information system for integrated care between health and social care professionals	Survey of national leaders followed by a national conference of medical association & specialist associations, and range of experts in care of the elderly for consensus seeking	Multidisciplinary leaders throughout the EU (14 countries)	Conference held in Belfast, Ireland, in 1993	Consensus: Information needs to be standardized, instrument to be short, valid, & reliable, crosscultural, assessments to be staged, and in addition to health information, instrument needs to include mental status and perceived well-being with client-identified goals (patient centered). Open-source modular EPIC-EASY tool developed	Article more than 20 years old; quality of evidence is low (expert opinion only); focus on elderly only; few SDH included; potential for informing CSCP assessment element development only; unable to locate recent related studies
Self, R., Rigby, A., Leggett, C., & Paxton, R., Clinical decision support tool: A rational needs-based approach to making clinical decisions, Journal of Mental Health	2008	To develop and validate an interoperable CDS tool of care packages for standardizing mental health and other social care planning needs across disciplines and care settings	Sought multidisciplinary professional consensus; participatory action research; workshops; statistical and data science methods for clustering (wards, k-means, & dendrogram); expert panels	Three clinical managers; 3 psychiatrists; 2 clinical psychologists; 12 nurses; 3 social workers; and 3 occupational therapists	United Kingdom (England)	Identification and standardization of 13 clinically meaningful clusters of shared needs & intervention items by MH characteristics. A shared vocabulary for needs, aims, and activities was agreed on for CSCP	Low level of evidence; care packages developed but not tested; no current studies related to CSCP found; lacks patient & caregiver perspectives, focus primarily on MH needs with less emphasis on other SDH
Rigby, M., Hill, P., Koch, S., & Keeling, D., Social Care informatics as an essential part of holistic health care: A call for action, International Journal of Medical Informatics	2011	To gather a crossdisciplinary consensus on how to use informatics to integrate person-centered holistic care needs (health & social care)	Exploratory workshop to find common ground on key issues	EU 15 countries, 23 participants (social work, medicine, nursing, law, ethics, informatics, psychology, health management, and policy professionals)	United Kingdom	Unanimous declaration for action using informatics for including social needs into health care needs: identifying information and communication needs for integrating health & social care; need for shared ontologies & standards; shared access to information; automated discovery of knowledge in systems; citizen empowerment	Low level of evidence (expert opinion only); high-level discussion identifying needs for the foundational development of a CSCP
Poulymenopoulou, M., Papakonstantinou, D., Malamateniou, F., & Vassilacopoulos, G., Using a patient-centered approach for health and social care integration, Studies in Health Technology & Informatics	2012	To propose a BPM framework for integrating and Redesigning Information sharing & process activities for health and social care Delivery	Conceptual framework using a case study	Prototype	Greece	System to be patient centered; multidisciplinary & interoperable. Four-stage model: process modeling, process redesign, service modeling, workflow modelling, & prototypes (BPEL) models	Theoretical, conceptual model. Remains untested
MacNaughton-Doucet, L., Determinants of health in discharge planning for seniors: Asking the right questions, Canadian Journal on Aging	2013	Proposes the use of an SDH framework for the development of a common language to support a multidisciplinary approach to bridging gaps during discharge planning	Conceptual framework using a case study	Not applicable	Canada	Recommendations for policy, practice, and research include enhancing policies for systematically incorporating SDH into discharge planning & evaluation of interdisciplinary team understanding Propose a framework for hospital discharge planning incorporating social determinants of health for CSCP	Theoretical conceptual model. Remains untested. This article appears to have no subsequent citations
Atherton, I., Lynch, E., Williams, A., & Witham, M., Barriers and solutions to linking and using health and social care Data in Scotland, British Journal of Social Work	2015	To share the Scottish experience of integrating social and health data, to better understand how stakeholders want to use the data, and to map out a plan for forward progress	Group plenary sessions with themes extracted	Multidisciplinary experts from government, academia, nursing, and public health	Scotland	Key barriers included mapping trajectories in health and social care, refining identification of those at risk, evaluation of interventions (especially public health), improving data quality, and building integrated services. Solutions: improving communication between providers and users, improving communication, understanding content, clear guidance to system developers, improved engagement with the public	Low level of evidence (expert opinion only); high-level discussion identifying needs for the foundational development of a CSCP
Ramgard, M., Blomqvist, K., & Petersson, P., Developing health and social care planning in Collaboration, Journal of Interprofessional Care	2015	To identify barriers and opportunities for interprofessional collaboration for HSCPC for older persons living at home	Participatory action research; reflective dialogs; meetings recorded and transcribed for content analysis	18 RNs, physical or Occupational therapists, social workers, senior managers, and general practitioners from 3 Municipalities	Sweden	High status professionals may be a barrier to interprofessional collaboration. Open communication flattened hierarchies and placed the person at the center of care. Recommendations were adopted by 2 municipalities	Low level of evidence (expert opinion only); local-level solution & likely unrealistic to implement on a large scale; SDH for older adults only; identifies barriers to CSCP but no solutions All participants were females

Note. BPM, business process management; BPEL, business process execution language; CDS, Cancer Decision Support; CSCP, comprehensive shared care plan; EPIC-EASY, European prototype for integrated care-Epic Assessment System; EU, European Union; HSCPC, health and social care planning; MH, mental health; RNs, registered nurses; SDH, social determinants of health.