Table 1. Carpentier Surgical Classification of Pathology of Mitral Valve.

Dysfunction	Lesions	Lesions
Type I	Annular dilatation Leaflet perforation/tear	Dilated cardiomyopathy Endocarditis
Type II Excess leaflet motion (leaflet prolapse)	Elongation/ruptured chordae Elongation/rupture papillary muscle	Degenerative valve disease Fibroelastic deficiency Barlow's disease Marfan disease Endocarditis Trauma Ischemic cardiomyopathy
Type IIIa Restricted leaflet motion (diastole and systole phases)	Leaflet thickening/retraction Leaflet calcification Chordal thickening/retraction/fusion Commissural fusion	Rheumatic heart disease Carcinoid heart disease
Type IIIb Restricted leaflet motion (systole phase)	Left ventricular dilatation/aneurysm Papillary muscle displacement Chordae tethering	Ischemic/dilated cardiomyopathy