Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristics | SSM-RFA (n = 249*) | DSM-RFA (n = 52*) | P† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 61.9 ± 9.5 | 59.1 ± 9.2 | 0.05 |
| Male, % | 75.5 (188/249) | 75.0 (39/52) | 1.00 |
| Single HCC, % | 92.0 (229/249) | 90.4 (47/52) | 0.79 |
| Size, cm (mean ± SD)‡ | 1.66 ± 0.63 | 1.54 ± 0.56 | 0.18 |
| Subcapsular location‡, % | 45.4 (122/269) | 59.6 (34/57) | 0.06 |
| AFP, ng/mL (mean ± SD) | 105.0 ± 686.2 | 117.9 ± 354.7 | 0.90 |
| AFP > 400 ng/mL, % | 3.2 (8/249) | 9.6 (5/52) | 0.05 |
| Child-Pugh class, % | 0.55 | ||
| A | 92.4 (230/249) | 96.2 (50/52) | |
| B | 7.6 (19/249) | 3.8 (2/52) | |
| Albumin, g/dL (mean ± SD) | 3.82 ± 0.49 | 4.05 ± 0.38 | 0.01 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 0.97 ± 0.50 | 1.02 ± 0.65 | 0.58 |
| INR (mean ± SD) | 1.09 ± 0.11 | 1.12 ± 0.12 | 0.05 |
| Platelet, × 1000/mm3 (mean ± SD) | 121.9 ± 51.4 | 117.5 ± 57.2 | 0.59 |
*Numbers in parentheses represent number of patients, †Data were evaluated using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and independent t test for continuous variables, ‡Size and frequency of subcapsular tumor were compared on per-nodule basis between SSM-RFA (269 HCCs) and DSM-RFA (57 HCCs). AFP = alpha-fetoprotein, DSM = dual-switching monopolar, HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma, INR = international normalized ratio, RFA = radiofrequency ablation, SD = standard deviation, SSM = single-switching monopolar