Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients with PD and HC.
| PD (n=47) | HC (n=30) | t or χ2 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male/female | 22/25 | 16/14 | 0.577 | 0.644 |
| Age at scan (yr, mean±SD) | 38.09±9.96 | 34.87±8.80 | 1.446 | 0.152 |
| Intracranial volume (mL, mean±SD) | 1787.24±452.08 | 1941.29±326.91 | −1.615 | 0.111 |
| Years of education (yr, mean±SD) | 14.04±2.76 | 16.40±2.51 | −3.749 | 0.000* |
| Income ($/month) | 3445.59±1494.88 | 3548.49±1278.67 | −0.271 | 0.787 |
| Agoraphobia, yes (%) | 29 (67.44) | - | - | - |
| Family history of anxiety disorder, yes (%) | 9 (20.93) | - | - | - |
| Baseline PDSS total score (mean±SD) | 11.00±6.75 | 0.00±0.00 | 7.955 | <0.001* |
| Baseline ASI-R total score (mean±SD) | 40.91±20.91 | 2.17±4.28 | 8.946 | <0.001* |
| Baseline BAI total score (mean±SD) | 21.14±12.35 | 1.33±1.37 | 7.805 | <0.001* |
| Baseline BDI total score (mean±SD) | 15.80±9.32 | 2.21±1.91 | 7.037 | <0.001* |
| Duration of medication before scan (days, mean±SD) | 4.56±1.17 | - | - | - |
| Kinds of SSRI, n (%) | ||||
| Escitalopram/paroxetine | 11 (23.40)/11 (23.40) | - | - | - |
| SSRI equivalent dosage (mg, mean±SD)† | 11.00±1.39 | - | - | - |
| Kinds of Benzodiazepine, n (%) | ||||
| Alprazolam/clonazepam | 15 (31.91)/6 (12.77) | - | - | - |
| Benzodiazepine equivalent dosage (mg, mean±SD)‡ | 0.88±0.09 | - | - | - |
PD, panic disorder; HC, healthy control; PDSS, Panic Disorder Severity Scale; ASI-R, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; SD, standard deviation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
*p<0.01, †The approximate equivalent oral doses to 10 mg escitalopram are given, ‡The approximate equivalent oral doses to 1 mg alprazolam are given.