Fig. 2. Changes in CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Tregs upon DP-MSC co-culture with and without cytokine blocking. Statistical differences were assessed by paired t tests (n=9). CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Tregs increased in the co-cultured group (p=0.003) and decreased in the double-block group (p<0.01). The single-block groups also showed statistical differences (p<0.05). ^*p<0.05, ^†p<0.01. DP-MSC, dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cell; Tregs, regulatory T-cells.