Table 2.
Susceptibility of seven host species to OIE listed swine pathogens.
| Pathogen | Status | Wild pig Prevalence | Prevalence Study | Wild Pig | Domestic Swine | Cattle | Sheep | Goat | Poultry | Cervid | Equine | Human | Supporting Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial | |||||||||||||
| Bacillus anthracis | Yes | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 103–108 | ||
| Brucella abortus | Yes | 35% | 109 | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 104, 105, 110 | |
| Brucella melitensis | 1999 | C | C | C | C | C | C | 105, 107, 108 | |||||
| Brucella suis | Yes | 0–68.8% | 20, 109, 111–114 | C | C | SC | O | O | C | C | 107, 108 | ||
| Coxiella burnetii | Yes | 50% | 115 | A | A | C | C | C | A | A | A | C | 106 |
| Ehrlichia ruminantium | NR | C | C | C | EX | 108, 116 | |||||||
| Francisella tularensis | Yes | 1.3% | 117 | C | C | C | C | C | U | A | C | C | 104, 107, 108, 118 |
| Leptospira † | Yes | 8–87% | 119, 120 | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 104, 105, 121 | |
| Mycobacterium avium | Yes | C | C | C | C | C | U | C | EX | U | 104–106 | ||
| Mycobacterium bovis | Yes | 2–85% | 122, 123 | C | C | C | C | C | U | C | C | C | 1, 3, 104, 105, 124 |
| Pasteurella multocida | Yes | C | C | C | C | C | C | 107, 108, 125 | |||||
| Viral | |||||||||||||
| African swine fever virus | NR | C | C | 107, 108 | |||||||||
| Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus † | Yes | C | C | SC | SC | C | 104, 105, 108 | ||||||
| Bluetongue virus | Yes | SC | C | C | C | O | 108 | ||||||
| bovine herpesvirus 1 | Yes | C | C | C | A | 104 | |||||||
| Bovine viral diarrhea virus | Yes | 0% | 119 | C | C | SC | SC | SC | 104, 105, 126, 127 | ||||
| Classical swine fever virus | 2015 | 0% | 128 | C | C | 104, 107, 108 | |||||||
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | NR | SC | SC | SC | SC | SC | C | 108 | |||||
| Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus | Yes | 16.5% | 129, 130 | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 131–133 |
| Ehrlichia ruminantium | NR | C | C | C | EX | 108, 116 | |||||||
| Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus | Yes | C | EX | C | 108, 134, 135 | ||||||||
| Foot and mouth disease virus | 1947 | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 107, 108 | ||||
| Influenza (avian) virus | Yes | 1–14.4% | 27, 73 | C | C | A | SC | SC | C | SC | C | C | 136–141 |
| Influenza (equine) virus | Yes | C | EX | A | U | C | C | 142, 143 | |||||
| Japanese encephalitis virus | NR | C | SC | SC | SC | SC | C | C | 105, 107, 108, 131, 132, 144, 145 | ||||
| Nipah virus | NR | C | U | C | C | C | 105, 107, 108 | ||||||
| Peste des petits ruminants virus | NR | EX | SC | C | C | EX | 107, 108, 146 | ||||||
| Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus† | Yes | C | 137, 147 | ||||||||||
| Porcine repro. and resp. synd. virus† | Yes | 1–3% | 76, 148, 149 | C | C | 76, 104 | |||||||
| Rabies lyssavirus | Yes | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 107, 108 | ||||
| Rift Valley fever virus | NR | A | C | C | C | A | C | 108, 150 | |||||
| Rinderpest morbillivirus | NR | C | C | C | C | 151, 152 | |||||||
| Suid herpesvirus 1 | Yes | 7–61% | 14, 77, 113, 153 | C | C | C | C | C | U | C | O | 104, 105, 107, 108 | |
| Swine vesicular disease virus | NR | C | 107, 108 | ||||||||||
| Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus | Yes | 0% | 148, 154 | C | C | 104 | |||||||
| Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus | 1971 | C | C | C | C | SC | C | C | 107, 108 | ||||
| Vesicular stomatitis virus | Yes | 0–100% | 57, 155, 156 | C | C | C | C | C | A, EX | A | C | C | 104, 107, 108, 157 |
| West Nile virus | Yes | 16.1–32.1% | 158 | SC | SC | SC | C | SC | C | C | C | C | 108, 159–162 |
| Parasitic | |||||||||||||
| Echinococcus sp. | Yes | C, IH | C, IH | C, IH | C, IH | C, IH | C, IH | C, IH | C, IH | 108, 163–167 | |||
| Leishmania sp. | NR | SC, DEH | C | C | C | C | C | 107, 108 | |||||
| New world screwworm | 1990 | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 107, 108 | |||
| Old world screwworm | NR | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | 107, 108 | |||
| Taenia solium | Yes | 42–59.2% | 76, 168, 169 | C, IH | C, IH | O, IH | O, IH | C, DH, IH | 107, 108 | ||||
| Trichinella sp. | Yes | 13.3% | 170 | C | C | SC | C | 107, 171, 172 | |||||
| Trypanosoma evansi | NR | C | C | O | O | C | C | O | 107, 108 | ||||
| Trypanosoma sp. | NR | C | C | C | C | U | C | C | 108 | ||||
The table presents the results of the host susceptibility classification for 45 pathogens known to impact swine. In addition, the known status (present/absent) of the pathogens in North American wild pigs along with the reported prevalence range are included. If the pathogen was historically present but has been eradicated from North America the year of eradication is provided and pathogens never reported are indicated as NR. Wild pigs are included specifically to identify gaps in available scientific data for differences in susceptibility between domestic swine and wild pigs. Pathogens noted with † were not OIE listed at the time of analysis however are included here for completeness and were not included in network analyses.