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. 2017 Aug 9;8:902. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00902

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Copyright © 2017 Yang, Gu, Mandeville, Dong, Esposito, Zhang, Yang, Shen, Fu, Lo and Xie.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anesthesia/surgery increases blood–brain barrier permeability of dextran in mice. Spectrophotometric quantification of brain dextran (10 kDa) level. The anesthesia/surgery in 9-month-old mice (gray bar) increases brain dextran level as compared to that in the control condition of 9-month-old mice (white bar). Anesthesia/surgery in 18-month-old mice (net bar) increases brain dextran level as compared to that in the control condition of 18-month-old mice (black bar). Knockout of interleukin (IL)-6 gene (dot bar versus gray bar) attenuates the anesthesia/surgery-induced increase in dextran levels. N = 4 in the control condition group and N = 5 in the anesthesia/surgery group.