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. 2017 Aug 10;7:7748. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07570-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evidence for axonal and synaptic damage in doxycycline naïve rtTA-Tat mice. Immunoblots and density quantitation of (a) the axonal marker βIII-tubulin, (b) the presynaptic marker Synaptophysin, and (c) the postsynaptic marker PSD95 in cortex of 11–12 month old mice with the indicated genotype and treatment condition. (d) qRT-PCR analysis showing expression of the indicated cytokines in cortex of 11–12 month old mice with the indicated genotype and treatment condition. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. N = 3 mice per condition for western blots, and n = 6–7 per group for qRT-PCR. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, and #p < 0.05 compared to rtTA control group.