Fig. 7.

CD8⁺ T cells from patients with lymphoma express higher levels of Grail compared to normal donors. a–d PBMCs collected from normal donors (ND) and lymphoma patients (n = 6 for both groups) were stained with antibodies against CD3, CD8 and Grail. Dead cells were discriminated using AQUA live/dead dye. Gating for Grail was performed using fluorescence minus one and secondary antibody alone controls. a Grail expression from ND PBMCs (left) and patient PBMCs (right) is shown. Cells are gated on live, CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells. b Grail expression in CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells from normal donors (n = 6) and lymphoma patients (n = 3 DLBCL and n = 3 FL). c, d CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells were FACS-sorted and mRNA expression of Grail, Cbl-b (c) and IL-21R (d) was detected by RT-PCR analysis. Results for target genes are presented after normalising to β-actin. e Serum from lymphoma patients and normal donors was assessed for levels of TGF-β by ELISA. (n = 9 normal donors, 11 DLBCL and 11 FL patients). b, e Bar graphs shows mean ± SEM as well as individual patient samples. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as determined using a Student’s t-test