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. 2017 Aug 10;7:7803. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08141-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Localized temperature rise measurements. (a) Schematic diagram of the plasmonic temperature rise measurements on/near the surface of the nanoelectrode. The experiments were performed in a 35 mm Petri dish filled with extracellular solution (ECS). The measurement electrode was a glass micropipette filled with ECS. A change in resistance was measured in response to a 532 nm green laser focused on the nanoeletrode tip. The resistance vs temperature function was utilized to get the temperature values. (b) The rise in temperature on the surface of the nanoelectrode has a linear relation with laser power. (c) The temperature decays exponentially with the distance away from the nanoelectrode. The different colors indicate the different laser power settings. The results were fitted to the equation: T = (T_o − C)*exp (−kx) + C [parameter values are provided in Supplementary Table 1]. (d) Plasmonic temperature rise versus laser power at different distances away from the nanoelectrode.