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. 2017 Aug 10;7:7749. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08029-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Agonist enhances downstream second messenger response via the fused G protein. (a) cAMP production in the presence of (a) saturating (100 μM) or (b) varying concentration of isoproterenol for β2-AR tethered with or without (–) Gs. (b) Data are represented as percent maximum cAMP levels for 100 μM isoproterenol treatment of β2-AR fusions tethered with or without (–) Gs. (c) Percent inhibition of 1 μM forskolin induced cAMP production for α2-AR fusions with or without Gi treated with 100 μM epinephrine. Data are derived from at least three independent experiments, with at least three replicates per condition (mean ± S.E.M. Student’s t-test was performed to evaluate significance *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01).