Figure 3.

Relationships between a female's probability of giving birth to a foal surviving to late summer in focal year t and (a) band sex ratio, (b) local density, and (c) band size, according to its reproductive status (“foal” or “no foal”) the previous year (t − 1). Models included female quality, female age, winter severity and local density, band size, or band sex ratio set to their mean values as fixed effects and horse identity as a random factor (n _horse = 113, n _observations = 496). The solid lines and the shaded areas depict relationships predicted by the selected models and their 95% confidence intervals, respectively