Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants (N =110).
| Characteristic | Total sample (N =110) | MMT(N=57) | No MMT(N=53) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site | ||||
| Mykolayiv | 20 (18.2%) | 16 (28.1%) | 4 (7.5%) | <0.001 |
| Odessa | 25 (22.7%) | 22 (38.6%) | 3 (5.7%) | |
| Kherson | 20 (18.2%) | 19 (33.3%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Kyiv | 12 (10.9%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (22.6%) | |
| Donetsk | 13 (11.8%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (24.5%) | |
| Dnipropetrovsk | 20 (18.2%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (37.7%) | |
| Age (median = 36.0 years) | ||||
| ≤36 years old | 56 (50.9%) | 22 (38.6%) | 34 (64.2%) | 0.007 |
| >36 years old | 54 (49.1%) | 35 (61.4%) | 19 (35.8%) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 21 (19.1%) | 10 (17.5%) | 11 (20.8%) | 0.669 |
| Male | 89 (80.9%) | 47 (82.5%) | 42 (79.2%) | |
| Educationa | ||||
| 5–9 years | 30 (27.3%) | 12 (21.1%) | 18 (34.0%) | 0.311 |
| 10–12 years | 38 (34.5%) | 21 (36.8%) | 17 (32.1%) | |
| Higher education or professional technical | 42 (38.2%) | 24 (42.1%) | 18 (34.0%) | |
| Marriedb | ||||
| Yes | 27 (24.5%) | 14 (24.6%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.997 |
| No | 83 (75.5%) | 43 (75.4%) | 40 (75.5%) | |
| Employed when hospitalized | ||||
| Yes | 24 (21.8%) | 13 (22.8%) | 11 (20.8%) | 0.838 |
| No | 86 (78.2%) | 44 (77.2%) | 42 (79.2%) | |
| Income | ||||
| None | 35 (31.8%) | 19 (33.3%) | 16 (30.2%) | 0.723 |
| Any | 75 (68.2%) | 38 (66.7%) | 37 (69.8%) | |
| Living arrangements when hospitalized | ||||
| Alone | 17 (15.5%) | 8 (14.0%) | 9 (17.0%) | 0.747 |
| With partner | 31 (28.2%) | 15 (26.3%) | 16 (30.2%) | |
| With relatives/friends | 58 (52.7%) | 31 (54.4%) | 27 (50.9%) | |
| Homeless/lives in hospital | 4 (3.6%) | 3 (5.3%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Lifetime duration of drug use (median = 17.0 years) | ||||
| ≤ 17 years | 56 (50.9%) | 20 (35.1%) | 36 (67.9%) | 0.001 |
| >17 years | 54 (49.1%) | 37 (64.9%) | 17 (32.1%) | |
| Any lifetime amphetamines use | ||||
| Yes | 45 (40.9%) | 20 (35.1%) | 25 (47.2%) | 0.198 |
| No | 65 (59.1%) | 37 (64.9%) | 28 (52.8%) | |
| Amphetamines use 30 days prior to hospitalization | ||||
| Yes | 16 (14.5%) | 3 (5.3%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.004 |
| No | 94 (85.5%) | 54 (94.7%) | 40 (75.5%) | |
| HIV status | ||||
| Positive | 75 (68.2%) | 39 (68.4%) | 36 (67.9%) | 0.679 |
| Negative | 15 (13.6%) | 9 (15.8%) | 6 (11.3%) | |
| Status unknown | 20 (18.2%) | 9 (15.8%) | 11 (20.8%) | |
| Ever received antiretroviral therapy (N=75) | ||||
| Yes | 50 (66.7%) | 23 (59.0%) | 27 (75.0%) | 0.141 |
| No | 25 (33.3%) | 16 (41.0%) | 9 (25.0%) | |
| History of incarcerations | ||||
| Yes | 94 (85.5%) | 50 (87.7%) | 44 (83.0%) | 0.485 |
| No | 16 (14.5%) | 7 (12.3%) | 9 (17.0%) | |
| Mean number of incarcerations (±SD), among those, who have ever been incarcerated | ||||
| (N = 94, Range: 1–12) | 2.87 ± 2.01 | 2.98 ± 2.18 | 2.75 ±1.82 | 0.583 |
| Tuberculosis treatment status | ||||
| New diagnosis | 21 (19.1%) | 10 (17.5%) | 11 (20.8%) | 0.669 |
| Previously treated | 89 (80.9%) | 47 (82.5%) | 42 (79.2%) | |
| Prescribed TB treatment | ||||
| First line (or unknown) | 69 (62.7%) | 38 (66.7%) | 31 (58.5%) | 0.376 |
| At least one second line medication | 41 (37.3%) | 19 (33.3%) | 22 (41.5%) | |
| Number of TB medications prescribed at baseline (median = 4 drugs, N = 108) | ||||
| <4 drugs (2–3 drugs) | 31 (28.7%) | 22 (38.6%) | 9 (17.6%) | 0.016 |
| ≥4 drugs (4–6 drugs) | 77 (71.3%) | 35 (61.4%) | 42 (82.4%) | |
| Mean number of TB medications prescribed at baseline (± SD), (Range: 2–6) | ||||
| 4.07 ± 1.13 | 3.82 ±1.17 | 4.35 ± 1.04 | 0.015 | |
| Duration of inpatient stay at the baseline date (median = 75.0 days) | ||||
| ≤75 days | 55 (50.0%) | 16 (28.1%) | 39 (73.6%) | <0.001 |
| >75 days | 55 (50.0%) | 41 (71.9%) | 14 (26.4%) | |
| Mean duration of inpatient stay at the baseline date | ||||
| (days, ±SD), (Range: 0–706) | 125.1 ±145.9 | 173.1 ±170.4 | 73.5 ±90.2 | <0.001 |
| Mean methadone dose | ||||
| (mg, ±SD), (Range: 12–225) | – | 81.2 ±40.0 | – | – |
Results are significant at the 0.05 level.
a
Indicated highest level of education attained.
b
Registered, unregistered marriage and having a partner; Unmarried, single, separated or widowed, including unknown status.