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Induction of innate immune responses by pH1N1 LAIV viruses. mRNA expression levels of IFN-β, TNF-α and CCL2 in lungs of mice infected with 1 × 103 PFU of the indicated pH1N1 LAIV viruses at 1, 3, and 5 dpi (n = 3) were quantified by RT-qPCR analysis. Fold expression changes in each mouse group were calculated relative to the control group of mock (PBS)-infected mice. Data represent the averages and SD values for three mice in each group on the days indicated.
