Table 2.

Association of the alteration of plasma APN with neuropathology

Study/Citation	Sample numbers	Disease	Findings
Wennberg AM et al. (2016)	Nondemented (men: n = 328, women: n = 207)	AD	Correlation of high plasma APN with neuropathology (amyloid deposition and cognitive function)
Garcia‐Casares N et al. (2016)	T2DM (n = 25), NC (n = 25)	T2DM	Correlation of low plasma APN with hippocampal volume
Masaki T et al. (2012)	T2DM (n = 50)	T2DM	Correlation of low plasma APN with hippocampal volume

Low plasma levels of APN associated with hippocampal volume in T2DM in studies by Masaki et al.41 and Garcia‐Casares et al.42, while high levels of plasma APN were associated with neuropathologies (i.e., amyloid deposits and cognitive decline) in the elderly in a study by Wennberg et al.14