Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Year | Country | N | Age (yrs) (X̄ ± SD) or Range |
Sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ackel-D'Elia et al.(59)* | 2014 | Brazil | AE = 24 | AE, AE+ST = 16.5 ±1.5 | MF |
| AE+ST = 24 | |||||
| Alberga et al.(60) | 2013 | Canada | AE+ST = 12 | AE+ST = 10.0 ± 1.0 | MF |
| CON = 7 | CON = 10.0 ± 2.0 | ||||
| Alves et al.(61) | 2008 | Brazil | AE = 39 | AE = 8.0 ± 1.8 | MF |
| CON = 39 | CON = 7.9 ± 1.5 | ||||
| Cheng et al.(62) | 2012 | China | AE+ST = 30 | AE+ST, CON = 13.0 to 14.0 | M |
| CON = 30 | |||||
| Daley et al.(63) | 2006 | United Kingdom | AE = 28 | AE, CON = 11.0 to 16.0 | MF |
| CON = 23 | |||||
| Davis et al.(64) | 2012 | United States | AE (LD) = 71 | AE (LD) = 9.3 ± 0.9 | MF |
| AE (HD) = 73 | AE (HD) = 9.4 ± 1.2 | ||||
| CON = 78 | CON = 9.4 ± 1.1 | ||||
| Elloumi et al.(65) | 2011 | Tunisia | AE = 7 | AE = 13.1 ± 1.0 | M |
| CON = 8 | CON = 13.2 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Farpour-Lambert et al.(66) | 2009 | Switzerland | AE+ST = 22 | AE+ST = 9.1 ± 1.4 | MF |
| CON = 22 | CON = 8.8 ± 1.6 | ||||
| Fazelifar et al.(67) | 2013 | Iran | AE+ST = 12 | AE+ST, CON = 11.0 to 13.0 | M |
| CON = 12 | |||||
| Ghorbanian et al.(68) | 2013 | Iran | AE = 15 | AE = 17.4 ± 1.1 | M |
| CON = 15 | CON = 16.9 ± 1.2 | ||||
| Hagstromer et al.(69) | 2009 | Sweden | AE+ST = 16 | AE+ST = 13.7 ± 2.0 | MF |
| CON = 15 | CON = 13.6 ± 2.2 | ||||
| Karacabey(70) | 2009 | Turkey | AE = 20 | AE = 11.8 ± 0.5 | M |
| CON = 20 | CON = 11.2 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Kelly et al.(32) | 2004 | United States | AE = 10 | AE = 11.0 ± 2.0 | MF |
| CON = 10 | CON = 11.0 ± 2.3 | ||||
| Kelly et al.(71) | 2015 | United States | ST = 13 | ST = 15.2 ± 0.9 | MF |
| CON = 13 | CON = 15.5 ± 0.9 | ||||
| Kim et al.(72) | 2007 | Korea, South | AE = 14 | AE = 17 ± 0.4 | M |
| CON = 12 | CON = 17.0 ± 0.4 | ||||
| Kim et al.(73) | 2008 | Korea, South | AE+ST = 8 | AE+ST, CON = NA | M |
| CON = 9 | |||||
| Lee et al.(74) | 2012 | United States | AE = 16 | AE =15.2 ± 0.9 | M |
| ST = 16 | ST = 14.6 ± 1.5 | ||||
| CON = 13 | CON = 14.8 ± 1.4 | ||||
| Lee et al.(75) | 2013 | United States | AE = 16 | AE = 14.6 ± 1.9 | F |
| ST = 16 | ST = 14.8 ± 1.9 | ||||
| CON = 12 | CON = 15.0 ± 2.2 | ||||
| Li et al.(76) | 2014 | China | AE = 20 | AE = 15.4 ± 2.6 | M |
| CON = 20 | CON = 14.6 ± 3.5 | ||||
| Maddison et al.(77) | 2011 | New Zealand | AE = 160 | AE, CON = 11.6 ± 1.1 | MF |
| CON = 162 | |||||
| Meyer et al.(78) | 2006 | Germany | AE = 33 | AE = 13.7 ± 2.1 | MF |
| CON = 34 | CON = 14.1 ± 2.4 | ||||
| Murphy et al.(79) | 2009 | United States | AE = 23 | AE = 10.3 ± 1.9 | MF |
| CON =12 | CON = 10.0 ± 1.3 | ||||
| Rooney et al.(80) | 2005 | United States | AE = 26 | AE = 8.9 ± 2.2 | MF |
| CON = 33 | CON = 8.6 ± 2.1 | ||||
| Saygin & Ozturk(81) | 2011 | Turkey | AE = 20 | AE, CON = 10.0 to 12.0 | F |
| CON = 19 | |||||
| Shaibi et al.(82) | 2006 | United States | ST = 11 | ST = 15.1 ± 1.7 | M |
| CON = 11 | CON = 15.6 ± 1.7 | ||||
| Sigal et al.(83) | 2014 | Canada | AE = 75 | AE = 15.5 ± 1.4 | MF |
| ST = 78 | ST = 15.9 ± 1.5 | ||||
| AE+ST = 75 | AE+ST = 15.5 ± 1.3 | ||||
| CON = 76 | CON = 15.6 ± 1.3 | ||||
| Song et al.(84) | 2012 | Korea, South | AE = 12 | AE = 12.7 ± 0.7 | M |
| CON = 10 | CON = 12.6 ± 0.6 | ||||
| Sun et al.(85) | 2011 | China | AE = 25 | AE, CON 13.6 ± 0.7 | MF |
| CON = 17 | |||||
| Tan et al.(86) | 2010 | China | AE = 30 | AE = 9.4 ± 0.5 | MF |
| CON = 30 | CON = 9.5 ± 0.5 | ||||
| Wagener et al. (87) | 2012 | United States | AE = 20 | AE, CON = 14.0 ± 1.7 | MF |
| CON = 20 | |||||
| Watts et al.(88) | 2004 | Australia | AE+ST = 19 | AE+ST, CON = 14.3 ± 1.5 | MF |
| CON = 19 | |||||
| Watts et al.(31) | 2004 | Australia | AE = 14 | AE, CON = 8.9 ± 1.6 | MF |
| CON = 14 | |||||
| Weintraub et al.(89) | 2008 | United States | AE = 9 | AE = 9.5 ± 0.6 | MF |
| CON = 12 | CON = 10.3 ± 0.8 | ||||
| Wong et al.(90) | 2008 | Singapore | AE+ST = 12 | AE+ST = 13.8 ± 1.1 | M |
| CON = 12 | CON = 14.3 ± 1.5 |
Notes: N, number of participants; yrs, years; AE, aerobic exercise, LPA, leisure physical activity; ST, strength training; CON, control; (X̄ ± SD), mean ± standard deviation; M, males; F, females; NA, not available; M, Males, F, Females; LD, low-dose; HD, high-dose.
*
study also in a leisure intervention but was excluded because it didn't meet our eligibility criteria.