Table 1.
Effect of stem cell modifications on in vivo targeted delivery.
| Experiment | Modification | Key finding | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rat BM-MSC transfused into the left ventricular cavity of MI rats | No modification | 1% of cells migrate to the infarcted myocardium at 4 h with significant retention in lung | 12 |
| Murine MSC-like cells were injected into the tail vein of 4-mo-old mice | Overexpression of CXCR4 on MSCs through adenovirus infection | ∼8 fold increase in retention to bone marrow | 35 |
| Murine MSCs were intramyocardially injected in mice with myocardial infarction | Overexpression of CCR-1 chemokine receptor on MSCs | Increase in MSC survival, migration, and engraftment in ischemic myocardium | 36 |
| Rat MSCs were intravenously infused into tail vain of myocardial infarcted rat | Overexpression of CXCR4 on MSCs | 2.5-fold increase engraftment to the infarcted myocardium, leading to reduced LV remodeling and enhanced recovery of function | 37 |
| Human and rat GRPs and MSCs were transplanted into the internal carotid artery of rats | Altering cell size, cell dose, and cell infusion velocity | Stroke at infusion velocity over 1 ml/min, profound decrease in cerebral blood flow for large cells infusion, stroke lesions for dosage injection more than 1 × 106 | 38 |
| Primary human MSCs were injected into the tail vein of an inflamed model of mice. | Immobilization of SLex on MSC surface using prior surface immobilization of biotin and streptavidin | 56% efficiency increase in cell localization to the inflamed ear | 20 |
| Human umbilical cord blood cells were injected intravenously into sublethally irradiated immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice | Enforced α(1,3)fucosylation and SLex expression on CB cells surface | Enhanced selectin binding and bone marrow engraftment of CB cells in irradiated NOD/SCID mice | 18 |
| Human MSCs were intravenously infused into the tail veins of immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice | Enforced α(1,3)fucosylation and SLex expression on MSCs surface | Robust tethering and rolling interactions and firm adherence of cells on sinusoidal vessels and rapid infiltration to the marrow parenchyma | 14 |
| Murine MSCs were injected into the mice with inflammatory bowel disease | Coating MSCs with VCAM-1 antibody using protein G | Highest delivery efficiency to inflamed mesenteric lymph node | 39 |
| Lin- Sca+ murine stem cells were intravenously injected into mice with infarcts created by ligation of LAD | Cells modified with bispecific antibodies against murine stem cell c-kit and VCAM-1 up-regulated on injured myocardial cells | Increased retention to injured myocardium | 40 |
| Human HSC intravenously injected into the xenogeneic rat model with ischemic injury induced by transient ligation LAD | Decorating HSCs with Bispecific antibodies that binds human CD45 and myosin light chain, an organ-specific injury antigen expressed by infarcted myocardium | Enhanced cell homing to myocardial infarcted tissue | 41 |
| Human MSCs intra-ventricularly injected through the left ventricle of mice with myocardial infarction | Coating MSCs with palmitated derivatives of phage-peptides (CRPPR, CRKDKC, KSTRKS, and CARSKNKDC) | Increased binding to infarcted regions | 42 |
| Swine CDC and MSC intracoronary infused into the brief cardiac IR injury swine model | Coupling CDCs and MSCs with 19Fc[FUT7+] plus FUT7 over-expression in the cells | 28% of cells localized in LAD proximal to IR site | 7 |
Abbreviations: BM-MSC: Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem cells; MI: Myocardial Infarction; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells; LV: Left ventricle; GRP: Glial restricted precursors; NOD/SCID: Nonobese diabetic/ sever combined immunodeficient; VCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule; AD: Left anterior descending; HSC: haematopoietic stem cells; CDC: Cardiosphere derived cells; IR: Ischemia reperfusion.