Fig. 3.—

Observed seven gene convergence ratios for three pairs of known echolocator: Nonecholocator sister taxa and for Daubentonia: Propithecus, each compared with other echolocating and nonecholocating mammalian taxa. Ratio of the number of convergent/total amino acids with outgroup species in the phylogeny for indicated species 1: Species 2 pairs, summed across seven auditory processing genes. Colored symbols represent the ratio between the number of convergent amino acids shared between the first species in the indicated pair and the species on the corresponding row of the phylogeny (the “test species”) relative to that for the second species in the indicated pair, after results were summed over the seven auditory genes considered in this analysis. All statistical tests were performed on a comparison of the sum of convergent/total amino acids for each species pair, not the ratio between the proportions thus formed. The dashed line indicates a ratio of 1, or no difference in the observed level of convergence with the outgroup test species between the two sister species. For the bat–bat comparisons, pairs were chosen at random from the set of four possible comparisons (Rhinolophus: Eidolon, Rhinolophus: Pteropus, Megaderma: Eidolon, Megaderma: Pteropus); similar results were obtained from the other possible pairs (see supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online, for all comparisons). The indicated significance values have been corrected for multiple tests using the Bonferroni method, within each set of pairwise comparisons across the phylogeny.