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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(3):371–392. doi: 10.18433/j3n590

Table 2.

Dextran endocytosis

Endocytosis Characteristics of dextran uptake
CME, receptor-dependent uptake 1) MR-dependent CME of fluorescent dextran in:

  • Human immature MDDCs, simultaneously with macropinocytosis (19)

  • Human immature MDDCs, dependent on MR expression (58)

  • Human inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (59)

  • Human retinal microglia cells (45)

  • Mouse immature spleen and bone marrow DCs, macrophages (fluorescent dextran 3/70/500/2000) (60)

  • Mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (61)

2) DFRs-dependent CME of fluorescent dextran in (receptor-positive cells here means transfectants):

  • Human embryonic kidney SIGN-R1-positive and SIGN-R3-positive HEK293T cells (36)

  • Mouse spleen macrophages in vivo, SIGN-R1-dependent uptake (35)

  • Mouse leukemic SIGN-R1-positive RAW264.7 transfectants and mouse spleen macrophages, SIGN-R1-dependent uptake (62)

  • Mouse spleen marginal zone SIGN-R1 −/− macrophages do not take up fluorescent dextran (63)

  • Hamster ovary L-SIGN-positive Cho cells (34)

3) Langerin-dependent CME of fluorescent dextran in langerin-positive HEK293T cells (36)
Macropino-cytosis or FPE FPE of fluorescent dextran in:

  • Human immature DCs, simultaneously with MR-dependent CME (19)

  • Human epithelial carcinoma cells (64)

  • Mouse synovial fibroblasts (65), embryo fibroblasts NIH3T3 (66)

  • Mouse bone marrow – derived macrophages (67)

  • Mouse bone marrow – derived immature (not in mature) DCs (68)

  • Mouse bone marrow macrophages (macro- and micropinosomes are present) (69)

  • Mouse bone marrow macrophages (uptake is accompanied by leaks of fluorescent dextran into cytosol) (70)

  • Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (71)
Phagocytosis Use of this term is misleading for dextran particles <0.5 μm in diameter

CME, clathrin-mediated endocytosis; DFR, DC-SIGN (dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-3-grabbing nonintegrin) family receptors; FPE, fluid-phase endocytosis; L-SIGN, liver/lymph node-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing nonintegrin; MDDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cell; MR, mannose receptor.