Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2017 Aug 4;121(4):451–468. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311170

Figure 1. Summary of mechanisms for brain heart interaction after stroke.

Figure 1

Cardiac dysfunction after stroke may be caused by several mechanisms, including activation of the HPA axis, sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation, catecholamine surge, gut microbiome dysbiosis, immune responses and inflammation as well as the release of microvesicles and microRNA (? indicates that future studies are warranted).