Table 1. Expression of natural genes microinjected into mouse eggs.
| Genea | Spb | Vector | Expression | Tissues | Ref.c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Actin | r | —d | 6/6 | mu, he | (94) |
| α-Actin | r | pBR | 1/4 | te, th, lu | (94) |
| Amylase-2.2 (cosmid) | m | pJB | 2/3 | pa | (a) |
| Amylase-2.2. (minigene) | m | — | 2/2 | pa | (a) |
| αl(II) Collagen | h | cos 4 | ND/2 | (b) | |
| Eα, MHC class II | m | — | 2/2 | various | (124) |
| Eα, MHC class II | m | pBR | 4/4 | various | (85) |
| Eα, MHC class II | m | — | 1/1 | various | (54) |
| Eα, MHC class II | m | λ | 1/1 | various | (54) |
| E1A, ElBf | Adl2 | — | ND/4 | e | (c) |
| Elastase-1 | r | pBR | 5/5 | pa | (107) |
| α-Fetoprotein | m | pBR | 15/34 | ys, li | (51) |
| α-Fetoprotein | m | pBR | 12/12 | ys, li | (52) |
| β-Globin | h | — | 7/10 | ery | (d) |
| β-Globin | h | — | 15/20 | ery | (109) |
| β-Globin | h | pUC | 3/16 | ery | (109) |
| β-Globin | h | — | 3/3 | ery | (108) |
| β-Globin | m | — | 2/5 | ery | (d) |
| β-Globin | m | pBR | ?/6 | (e) | |
| β-Globin | rb | λ | 2/9 | te, mu | (53) |
| β-Globin | h | pBR | 0/2 | (98) | |
| β-Globin | rb | ? | 5/? | ery | (117) |
| β-Globin | h | cos 4 | 1/2 | ery | (b) |
| δ-β Globin | h | λ | 0/1 | (39) | |
| ε-Globin | h | — | 0/6 | (d) | |
| γG-Globin | h | — | 3/6 | ery | (16) |
| γA-Globin | h | — | 2/5 | ery | (d) |
| γA+γG-Globin | h | — | 4/7 | ery | (c) |
| α1, α2-Globin (14 kb) | h | — | 0/11 | (c) | |
| α1-Globin (10.4 kb) | m | pBR | 1/19 | br | (88) |
| α1-Globin (10.4 kb) | m | — | 0/17 | (88) | |
| α1-Globin (cosmid) | m | pBR | 3/5 | ery | (f) |
| Gonadotropin (α-subunit) | h | pBR | 4/4 | pit | (g) |
| Growth hormone | h | pBR | 0/6 | (113) | |
| Growth hormone | h | — | 0/8 | (33) | |
| Growth hormone | r | pBR | 0/8 | (33) | |
| Hepatitis surface antigen | HBV | — | 1/10 | various | (19) |
| Hepatitis surface antigen | HBV | pBR | 2/6 | li | (3) |
| Immunoglobulin κ (14 kb) | m | pBR | 6/6 | B | (102) |
| Immunoglobulin κ (4.5 kb) | m | — | 0/5 | (f) | |
| Immunoglobulin μ | m | pBR | 5/5 | B, T | (28) |
| Immunoglobulin μ(γl) | h | λ | 1/2 | B | (125) |
| Immunoglobulin μ+κ | m | pBR | 1/1 | B | (89) |
| Immunoglobulin μ+κ | m | SVneo | 3/3 | B | (g) |
| Insulin | h | — | 4/4 | β-cells | (14, 91a) |
| Insulin | h | pBR | 0/3 | (15, 110) | |
| H-2Ld | m | λ | 0/1 | (d) | |
| HLA, Cw3, MHC class I | h | — | 3/4 | various | (h) |
| SLA, MHC class I | P | — | 1/1 | various | (23) |
| c-mycf | h | pBR | 0/5 | (i) | |
| αl(I) Collagen (cosmid) | h | pBR | 2/2 | various | (j) |
| Myosin light chain-2 | r | — | 4/8 | mu | (93, k) |
| Ovalbumin | c | pBR | 0/12 | (c) | |
| P-element | d | pBR | 0/2 | (47) | |
| Protamine 1 | m | — | 4/4 | testis | (c) |
| T-cell receptor-β | m | λ | 0/5 | (c) | |
| Thymidine kinase | HSV | pBR | 1/5 | fetus | (116) |
| Thymidine kinase | HSV | pBR | 1/8 | li | (c) |
| Transferrin | c | pBR | 6/7 | various | (66) |
This table includes genes microinjected into mouse eggs in which the promoter and enhancer remain associated with the structural gene; however, the structural genes may be modified to facilitate their detection.
Abbreviations:-Sp, species; c, chicken; d, Drosophila; h, human; m, mouse; p, pig; r, rat; rb, rabbit; b, bacterial; v, viral; Ad 12, adenovirus 12; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus, type 1. Tissues: br, brain; B, lymphocytes; β, pancreatic β-cells; cp, choroid plexus; he, cardiac muscle; ery, erythroid cells; ki, kidney; li, liver; lu, lung; mu, skeletal muscle; pa, exocrine pancreas; pit, pituitary; te, testis; th, thymus; T, thymocytes; ys, yolk sac.
Unpublished observations from: (a) L. Treisman, M. Rosenberg, S. Keller & M. Meisler; (b) R. Lovell-Badge; (c) ours; (d) F. Costantini; (e) C. Lo; (f) S. Rusconi; (g) N. Fox, L. Hwang & D. Solter; (h) O. Dill; (i) C. Babinet; (j) R. Jaenisch & A. Berns; (k) M. Shani.
—, all plasmid vector sequences removed prior to injection.
None of the four mice (2 females, 2 males) transmitted the transgene to offspring.
Note that genes that are oncogenic are listed in Table 4 and not included here.