Table 2. Expression of hybrid genes in transgenic mice.
| Gene (promoter/structural)a | Vector | Expression | Tissues | Coramentsb | Ref.c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mMT-I/rGH | —d | 6/7 | var | growth (high) | (77) |
| mMT-I/hGH | — | 23/33 | var | growth (high) | (82) |
| mMT-I/hGH | — | 7/10 | var | growth (high) | (30) |
| mMT-I/pGH (cDNA) | — | 2/11 | var | growth (very low) | (b) |
| mMT-MiGRF (minigene) | — | 11/14 | var | growth (high) | (31) |
| mMT-I/hα-globin | pBR | 0/9 | (li) | (h) | |
| mMT-I/bβ-Gal | pBR | 0/11 | (li) | (i) | |
| mMT-I/hPLA | pBR | 2/5 | var | no effect (high) | (81) |
| mMT-I/vSrcg | pBR | ND/4 | no tumors | (h) | |
| mMT-I/rSomatostatin | pBR | 8/11 | var | no effect | (59) |
| mMT-I/hFactor IX | pBR | 0/21 | (li) | (h) | |
| mMT-I/hFactor IX | — | 0/10 | (li) | (h) | |
| mMT-I/mPOMC | pBR | 0/6 | (li) | (h) | |
| mMT-I/mPOMC | — | 0/6 | (li) | (h) | |
| mMT-I/vAd2 E1A (13S cDNA) | pBR | 2/2 | var | spermatogenesisf | (d) |
| mMT-I/vTK | pBR | 6/9 | var | (very low mRNA) | (79) |
| mMT-I/hHPRT | pBR | 4/17 | var | (high in brain) | (103) |
| mMT-I/mMycg | pBR | ND/23 | no tumors | (1) | |
| mMT-I/hIGF-I (cDNA) | — | 5/21 | var | no effect (moderate) | (h) |
| mMT-I/hiGF-II (cDNA) | — | 2/17 | var | no effect (low) | (h) |
| mMT-I/vHBsAg | — | 2/6 | var | high serum protein | (19) |
| mMT-I/hTGF-α | — | 0/7 | (li) | (h) | |
| mMT-I/hMycg | pUC | 2/5 | li | (e) | |
| hMT-UA/hGH | — | 4/8 | var | growth (high) | (30) |
| hMT-IIA/cFosg | — | 2/7 | te, pa | (b) | |
| hMT-IIA/cFos(polyoma T)g | pBR | 1/2 | te | (b) | |
| hMT-IIA/cFos(SVneo)g | pBR | 1/3 | te | (b) | |
| hMT-IIA/cFosmod g | pBR | 1/1 | te/br | (b) | |
| hMT-ITA/cFosLTRg | pBR | 2/5 | var | (b) | |
| hMT-IIA/bCAT | pBR | 0/3 | (b) | ||
| hMT-HA/pGH (cDNA) | — | 12/19 | var | growth | (a) |
| mSAA-2/hGH | — | 4/9 | li | no growth (Table 3) | (h) |
| mMyc/mlgA (translocation) | λ | 0/3 | (f) | ||
| mα2(I)CoIlagen/bCAT | pBR | 7/8 | var | (48, 120) | |
| cTf/rbβ-globin | pBR | 0/7 | (d) | ||
| mH-2K(class I MHC)/hGH | pBR | 13/13 | var | growth | (c) |
| vTK/hGH | — | 1/12 | var | growth (very low) | (h) |
| vLTR(MCF13)/hGH | — | 3/7 | var | growth (moderate) | (h) |
| vLTR/hMycg | pBR | 0/5 | (g) | ||
| vRSV/bCAT | pBR | 5/9 | var | (74) | |
| vMTV/vTK | pBR | 2/3 | var | (low) | (87) |
| rElastase-1/bNeo | pBR | 4/4 | pa | G418r cells | (h) |
| rElastase- l/mMycg | pBR | ND/9 | no tumors | (h) | |
| rElastase- l/vSrcg | — | ND/14 | no tumors | (h) | |
| rElastase-1/hGH | pBR | 8/11 | pa | no growth (very high) | (72, 73) |
| rElastase-1/hGH | — | 8/10 | pa | no growth (very high) | (72, 73) |
| mAlbumin/hGH (12 kb) | — | 16/16 | li | growth (very high) | (h) |
| mAlbumin/vHBsAg | — | 8/8 | li | moderate serum protein | (h) |
| mAlbumin/hFactorlX | — | 0/12 | (li) | (h) | |
| mAlbumin/hiGF-I | — | 2/6 | li | (very low) | (h) |
| mAlbumin/hLDL receptor | — | 9/12 | li | (very low) | (h) |
| mTransferrin/hGH | — | 11/11 | li | growth (very high) | (h) |
| hGRF/mNGF | — | ?/10 | nd | (i) | |
| mαA-Crystallin/bCAT | — | 2/2 | lens | (75, 120) | |
| mβ-Globin/bGalK | pBR | 0/2 | (39) | ||
| mIgH-cTf/rbβ-Globin | pBR | 3/3 | sp | (d) | |
| mIgH-mIgκ/rbβ-globin | pBR | 4/5 | sp | (d) | |
| mAmylase-la P/vSV40 T-Agg | — | 1/2 | ut,br,sp,ki | (e) |
This table includes hybrid genes that have been tested by microinjection into mouse eggs. These genes have the promoter/enhancer of one gene fused to the structural region of another gene; The slash (/) separates the two elements. The species is indicated by a lower case letter (same as in Table 1) before the abbreviation of the gene. The gene abbreviations are: Ad2, adenovirus 2; CAT, chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase; Factor EX, blood clotting factor; GH, growth hormone; GRF, growth-hormone releasing factor; Gal, galactosidase; GalK, galactose kinase; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase; IGF, insulinlike growth factor; Ig, immunoglobulin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LTR, long terminal repeat; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; MT, metallothionein-1; Neo, neomycin phosphotransferase; NGF, nerve growth factor; PL, placental lactogen; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; RSV, Rous sarcoma virus; SAA, serum amyloid; SV40, simian virus 40; TGF, tumor growth factor; Tf, transferrin.
The relative level of expression is denoted in parentheses in some cases.
Unpublished observations from: (a) R. Seamark; (b) U. Ruether; (c) C. Babinet; (d) M. LeMeur, (e) N. Fox, L. Hwang & D. Solter; (OS. Ross; (g) C. Cremisi & C. Babinet (EMBO J., In press); (h) R. D. Palmiter & R. L. Brinster (i) H. van der Putten, F. Botteri & R. Evans.
The frequency of expression (the number of transgenic mice that express the transgene/total number of transgenic mice produced). In some cases the expression has not yet been determined (ND).
Tissues where expression was detected. Abbreviations are: br, brain; ki, kidney; li, liver; mg, mammary gland; pa, pancreas; sp, spleen; te, testis; ut, uterus; var, various tissues. (Tissues in parentheses indicate where expression was examined when there was no expression).
Defects in spermatogenesis.
Note that the oncogenic gene constructs are included in Table 4, and they are not duplicated here.