Table 1.
Comparison of geospatial clusteringa by counties within United States regions, 2004–2014.
| Midwest countiesb (N = 1,055) | Northeast counties b (N = 217) | Southern countiesb (N = 1,422) | Western counties b (N = 414) | Total (N = 3108) | P valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presented as N (%)d | N (%)e | |||||
| LISA | ||||||
| High-high cluster | 112 (25.11) | 2 (0.45) | 328 (73.54) | 4 (0.90) | 446 (14.35) | <0.01 |
| High-low outlier | 16 (34.78) | 1 (2.17) | 6 (13.04) | 23 (50.00) | 46 (1.48) | |
| Low-high outlier | 13 (28.26) | 0 (0.00) | 32 (69.57) | 1 (2.17) | 46 (1.48) | |
| Low-low cluster | 94 (20.75) | 26 (5.74) | 129 (28.48) | 204 (45.03) | 453 (14.58) | |
| Non- significant | 820 (38.79) | 188 (8.89) | 927 (43.85) | 182 (8.61) | 2116 (68.08) | |
| EB | ||||||
| 1st Quintile | 155 (24.92) | 34 (5.47) | 202 (32.48) | 231 (37.14) | 622 (20.01) | <0.01 |
| 2nd Quintile | 250 (40.26) | 68 (10.95) | 215 (34.62) | 88 (14.17) | 621 (19.98) | |
| 3rd Quintile | 246 (39.55) | 69 (11.09) | 269 (43.25) | 38 (6.11) | 622 (20.01) | |
| 4th Quintile | 223 (35.91) | 40 (6.44) | 325 (52.33) | 33 (5.31) | 621 (19.98) | |
| 5th Quintile | 181 (29.10) | 6 (0.96) | 411 (66.08) | 24 (3.86) | 622 (20.01) | |
| Gi* (%) | ||||||
| Lung cancer hotspot | 42 (18.58) | 70 (30.97) | 65 (28.76) | 49 (21.68) | 226 (7.27) | <0.01 |
| Lung cancer cold spot | 337 (53.58) | 0 (0.00) | 148 (23.53) | 144 (22.89) | 629 (20.24) | |
| Non- significant | 676 (30.04) | 147 (6.53) | 1209 (53.73) | 221 (9.82) | 2252 (72.46) | |
| Lung cancer mortality cluster category | ||||||
| Clustered | 91 (25.14) | 2 (0.55) | 264 (72.93) | 5 (1.38) | 362 (11.65) | <0.01 |
| Non- clustered | 964 (35.11) | 215 (7.83) | 1158 (42.17) | 409 (14.89) | 2746 (88.35) | |
a
Defined as counties estimated as clustered by two of three cluster methods (local indicators of spatial autocorrelation, empirical Bayes, and Gi*)
b
US regions as determined by the US Census Bureau.
c
Significance determined using chi-square test.
d
Denotes row percentages.
e
Denotes column percentages.
LISA, local indicators of spatial association; EB, empirical Bayes.