Table 4.
Odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for the association between quartile of particulate matter 2.5 μg/m3 and lung cancer mortality clustering.
| OR (95%CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clustered counties (N = 362) N (%) |
Crude | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | |
| Particulate mattere 2.5μg/m3 | |||||
| 1st quartile (0.00–10.47) | 46 (12.71) | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 2nd quartile (10.47–11.87) | 58 (16.02) | 1.28 (0.86–1.91) | 1.36 (0.86–2.15) | 1.06 (0.63–1.78) | 1.25 (0.76–2.05) |
| 3rd quartile (11.87–13.56) | 61 (16.85) | 1.35 (0.91–2.01) | 1.90 (1.14–3.17) | 1.58 (0.85–2.92) | 1.74 (1.00–3.04) |
| 4th quartile (13.56–14.95) | 197 (54.42) | 5.41 (3.85–7.58) | 3.48 (2.15–5.66) | 1.59 (0.88–2.88) | 2.10 (1.23–3.59) |
| Non-urban | Clustered counties (N = 265) | ||||
| Particulate mattere 2.5μg/m3 | |||||
| 1st quartile (7.95–10.19) | 25 (9.43) | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 2nd quartile (10.19–11.40) | 44 (16.60) | 1.85 (1.11–3.07) | 1.62 (0.91–2.89) | 1.30 (0.68–2.51) | 1.27 (0.70–2.29) |
| 3rd quartile (11.40–13.06) | 52 (19.62) | 2.22 (1.35–3.65) | 2.68 (1.48–4.84) | 1.80 (0.88–2.68) | 2.35 (1.27–4.34) |
| 4th quartile (13.06–14.91) | 144 (54.34) | 7.95 (5.07–12.45) | 4.06 (2.23–7.39) | 1.86 (0.90–3.87) | 3.19 (1.70–5.96) |
| Urban | Clustered Counties (N = 97) | ||||
| Particulate matterd 2.5μg/m3 | |||||
| 1st quartile (0.00–10.99) | 15 (15.46) | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 2nd quartile (10.99–12.62) | 11 (11.34) | 0.72 (0.33–1.60) | 0.96 (0.36–2.55) | 1.26 (0.41–3.86) | 1.20 (0.42–3.93) |
| 3rd quartile (12.62–13.79) | 27 (27.84) | 1.87 (0.98–3.60) | 1.72 (0.67–4.41) | 1.34 (0.40–4.48) | 2.26 (0.80–6.37) |
| 4th quartile (13.79–14.95) | 44 (45.36) | 3.26 (1.77–5.99) | 1.57 (0.65–3.78) | 1.22 (0.41–3.63) | 1.93 (0.74–5.02) |
%Column percentage.
a
Adjusted for age, race, and sex.
b
Model 1 plus adjustment for household income, % completed college, adult smoking, adult obesity, and physical inactivity.
c
Model 1 plus adjustment for uninsured, could not see doctor due to cost, and PCP.
d
Mean particulate matter value per county from 2003–2011.
Urban denotes population centers with 50,000 or more residents
Non-urban denotes towns or small cities with population centers with less than 50,000 residents.