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. 2017 Aug 11;12(8):e0181784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181784

Fig 3. The biological assays of Allium cepa Aggregatum group (AA), monosomic addition lines (MALs = FF1A, FF2A, FF3A, FF4A, FF5A, FF6A, FF7A, and FF8A) and A. fistulosum (FF) crude saponin extracts and Alliospiroside A against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepa.

Fig 3

(A) AA-, MALs- and FF-root saponin extracts antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f.sp. cepa strain TA and AF22. (B) Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates of Alliospiroside A antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f.sp. cepa strain TA and AF22. (C) Alliospiroside A and furostanol saponin antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f.sp. cepa strain TA and AF22. (D) Alliospiroside A chemical structure. Antifungal activity values are means of three independent replication (n = 3) ± standard errors (SEs). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences according to Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test.