Table 3.
Association of selected factors with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of HC (≥6.2 mmol/l) in in Astana region, Kazakhstan, OR (95% CI)
| Prevalencea
OR (95% CI) |
Prevalenceb
OR (95% CI) |
Awarenessa,c
OR (95% CI) |
Treatmenta,c
OR (95% CI) |
Controlac
OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Males | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Females | 1.98 (1.50–2.60) | 2.54 (1.63–3.96) | 1.75 (1.11–2.74) | 1.60 (1.00–2.55) | 0.78 (0.47–1.31) |
| Age groups (years) | |||||
| 50-54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 55-59 | 1.55 (1.06–2.26) | 1.63 (1.07–2.49) | 1.32 (0.72–2.43) | 1.48 (0.79–2.77) | 0.98 (0.47–2.04) |
| 60-64 | 1.44 (0.97–2.14) | 1.28 (0.83–1.99) | 1.20 (0.64–2.28) | 1.55 (0.81–2.98) | 1.25 (0.59–2.65) |
| 65-69 | 1.32 (0.86–2.05) | 1.20 (0.74–1.95) | 1.45 (0.71–2.95) | 1.29 (0.62–2.65) | 1.47 (0.66–3.28) |
| 70-75 | 1.44 (0.93–2.24) | 1.01 (0.61–1.70) | 1.16 (0.57–2.35) | 1.24 (0.60–2.56) | 1.23 (0.54–2.82) |
| Urban/Rural | |||||
| Astana (urban) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Akmol (rural) | 0.34 (0.26–0.45) | 0.37 (0.26–0.51) | 0.27 (0.17–0.43) | 0.53 (0.33–0.85) | 0.59 (0.34–1.03) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| 18.5-24.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 25-29.9 | 1.48 (0.98–2.24) | 1.00 (0.62–1.61) | 1.02 (0.51–2.06) | 0.62 (0.31–1.27) | 0.94 (0.41–2.14) |
| ≥ 30 | 1.77 (1.18–2.66) | 1.12 (0.68–1.82) | 1.68 (0.85–3.31) | 0.91 (0.46–1.79) | 1.08 (0.49–2.40) |
| WHR, obesity | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 2.12 (1.53–2.92) | 1.55 (1.06–2.27) | 1.30 (0.76–2.22) | 1.27 (0.73–2.19) | 0.69 (0.37–1.27) |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.71 (1.15–2.54) | 1.25 (0.81–1.94) | 2.29 (1.22–4.27) | 1.83 (1.02–3.26) | 2.00 (1.08–3.72) |
| Smoking | |||||
| Current Smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ex-smoker | 1.05 (0.65–1.69) | 0.98 (0.58–1.65) | 2.28 (1.02–5.11) | 1.70 (0.74–3.90) | 1.01 (0.40–2.53) |
| Non-smoker | 0.74 (0.46–1.17) | 0.83 (0.50–1.39) | 1.25 (0.60–2.63) | 1.10 (0.51–2.37) | 1.29 (0.54–3.07) |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.44 (1.05–1.97) | 1.50 (1.05–2.13) | 1.28 (0.77–2.15) | 1.35 (0.79–2.29) | 1.52 (0.80–2.91) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Married | 0.89 (0.64–1.22) | 0.85 (0.59–1.24) | 0.98 (0.59–1.63) | 1.07 (0.65–1.77) | 1.82 (0.97–3.39) |
| Education | |||||
| Primary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Vocational | 0.81 (0.58–1.12) | 0.97 (0.67–1.39) | 0.92 (0.54–1.56) | 1.13 (0.66–1.95) | 1.14 (0.62–2.12) |
| Higher | 1.37 (0.98–1.90) | 1.06 (0.73–1.53) | 1.95 (1.15–3.33) | 1.65 (0.98–2.78) | 1.10 (0.60–2.00) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Kazakh | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Russian | 1.39 (1.01–1.90) | 1.33 (0.93–1.90) | 0.80 (0.49–1.32) | 1.05 (0.64–1.73) | 0.95 (0.54–1.68) |
| Other | 1.44 (0.99–2.11) | 1.36 (0.90–2.07) | 0.76 (0.42–1.37) | 1.09 (0.60–1.98) | 0.72 (0.35–1.50) |
| Car ownership | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.22 (0.92-1.62) | 1.06 (0.77-1.46) | 1.25 (0.79-1.98) | 0.87 (0.55-1.37) | 0.84 (0.49-1.44) |
| Deprivation | |||||
| High level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Intermediate | 1.35 (0.94–1.94) | 1.68 (1.12–2.52) | 1.20 (0.67–2.14) | 1.36 (0.75–2.44) | 1.97 (0.95–4.11) |
| Low level | 1.50 (1.07–2.11) | 1.73 (1.18–2.54) | 1.20 (0.69–2.07) | 1.14 (0.65–1.99) | 1.80 (0.89–3.63) |
aage and sex adjusted, bfully adjusted for all variables in the table; cAmong those with hypercholesterolemia