Table 1.
Levels of salivary analytes at two time points during rest and exercise trials in males and females, degree of change between the time points by percentage (Δ) and the significance of this change (P)
| Rest | Exercise | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | Δ (%) | P | T1 | T2 | Δ (%) | P | |||
| Flow rate (g · min-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 0.64 ± 0.47 | 0.72 ± 0.57 | 8.9 ± 26.6 | 0.176 | 0.81 ± 0.38 | 0.77 ± 0.52 | -1.7 ± 39.5 | 0.730 | ||
| Females | 0.34 0.13 | 0.40 ± 0.12 | 21.3 ± 31.0 | 0.010 | ↑ | 0.32 ± 0.19 | 0.38 ± 0.24 | 16.7 ± 24.4 | 0.031 | ↑ |
| Osmolality (mOsmol · kg-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 65.4 ± 15.8 | 65.9 ± 18.7 | 0.31 ± 9.1 | 0.850 | 62.1 ± 18.5 | 71.3 ± 34.8 | 11.9 ± 27.1 | 0.287 | ||
| Females | 57.3 ± 15.1 | 56.0 ± 11.8 | -0.20 ± 15.1 | 0.650 | 66.3 ± 16.6 | 68.8 ± 11.2 | 6.1 ± 14.0 | 0.434 | ||
| Na (mmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 28.3 ± 48.9 | 0.451 | 5.1 ± 2.5 | 9.3 ± 12.0 | 37.7 ± 69.8 | 0.285 | ||
| Females | 6.4 ± 3.2 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | -11.0 ± 31.0 | 0.136 | 5.3 ± 2.4 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 35.9 ± 61.6 | 0.199 | ||
| K (mmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 19.7 ± 4.1 | 21.3 ± 6.2 | 10.6 ± 40.5 | 0.528 | 22.3 ± 4.6 | 22.8 ± 5.1 | 2.2 ± 11.0 | 0.626 | ||
| Females | 21.9 ± 6.0 | 19.5 ± 4.8 | -9.3 ± 15.1 | 0.060 | ↓ | 23.5 ± 5.5 | 24.3 ± 5.5 | 3.9 ± 7.5 | 0.150 | |
| Cl (mmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 32.6 ± 13.2 | 35.9 ± 20.4 | 13.8 ± 64.7 | 0.634 | 32.2 ± 13.5 | 36.6 ± 22.6 | 10.6 ± 26.2 | 0.343 | ||
| Females | 49.6 ± 27.2 | 43.1 ± 23.3 | -9.7 ± 26.7 | 0.193 | 37.6 ± 19.1 | 38.7 ± 16.6 | 5.9 ± 14.3 | 0.543 | ||
| SIgA concentration (mg · L-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 65.7 ± 42.2 | 66.8 ± 52.0 | -3.5 ± 31.1 | 0.895 | 56.1 ± 41.2 | 61.2 ± 49.2 | 12.0 ± 53.4 | 0.526 | ||
| Females | 86.4 ± 49.0 | 60.2 ± 35.8 | 8.3 ± 130.1 | 0.120 | 95.2 ± 103.9 | 112.9 ± 91.3 | 46.1 ± 63.4 | 0.083 | ↑ | |
| SIgA secretion rate (μg · min-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 33.6 ± 17.5 | 39.1 ± 37.2 | 12.8 ± 59.9 | 0.559 | 39.6 ± 35.1 | 31.1 ± 12.9 | 7.5 ± 62.4 | 0.486 | ||
| Females | 25.2 ± 17.1 | 24.1 ± 18.8 | 34.6 ± 137.1 | 0.275 | 29.7 ± 27.8 | 45.5 ± 34.4 | 78.8 ± 110.3 | 0.032 | ↑ | |
| α-amylase activity (U∙mL-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 34.6 ± 20.4 | 38.2 ± 22.1 | 12.3 ± 12.2 | 0.050 | ↑ | 34.8 ± 19.5 | 44.0 ± 24.6 | 26.5 ± 19.0 | 0.034 | ↑ |
| Females | 25.7 ± 23.5 | 29.5 ± 24.9 | 24.9 ± 27.4 | 0.030 | ↑ | 41.7 ± 21.9 | 56.3 ± 22.3 | 35.2 ± 32.9 | <0.001 | ↑ |
| α-amylase secretion rate (U · min-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 20.8 ± 18.9 | 27.6 ± 26.1 | 26.6 ± 34.4 | 0.559 | 28.1 ± 22.2 | 30.5 ± 22.6 | 22.9 ± 53.5 | 0.672 | ||
| Females | 7.3 ± 5.9 | 11.3 ± 9.6 | 68.4 ± 51.5 | 0.275 | 13.1 ± 9.5 | 20.6 ± 12.1 | 68.4 ± 51.5 | 0.004 | ↑ | |
| Cortisol (nmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
| Males | 4.21 ± 0.73 | 4.02 ± 0.48 | -3.7 ± 8.2 | 0.210 | 4.63 ± 0.71 | 4.55 ± 0.60 | -1.0 ± 8.5 | 0.617 | ||
| Females | 5.95 ± 2.26 | 5.26 ± 2.16 | -11.4 ± 8.3 | <0.001 | ↓ | 6.00 ± 1.88 | 5.96 ± 2.08 | -0.3 ± 10.8 | 0.894 | |
UWS was sampled at 15 min (T1) and 45 min (T2) during each protocol. Arrows indicate whether there was an increase (↑) or decrease (↓) in the levels of the corresponding analyte over time